主要路段旅次指派模型-以台北車站周圍交通為例

Traffic assignment model of the main road congestion - A case of traffic around Taipei Main Station

林明鴻(Ming-Hong Lin)

指導教授 ： 林正平

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/土木與防災研究所/碩士(2014年)

摘要

一般而言，利用交通指派方式求解交通壅塞狀況，要先瞭解該地區之旅次起訖、路徑分佈等，而後進行分配指派。然而在都市等交通分佈較為密集且複雜等地區，較難清楚瞭解欲疏解交通壅塞地區內完整旅次分布資訊，故多以採取地區內主要壅塞路段流量管制等措施，結果卻可能導致減少之流量轉為湧入相鄰路段，使得欲疏解地區整體交通壅塞疏解效果有限。
本研究藉由控制欲疏解範圍內主要壅塞路段之旅次路徑，以降低欲疏解地區內整體之交通壅塞。本研究修改傳統以整體成本最小化求解之系統最佳化交通指派模型，將各路段流量分解為主要壅塞路段行經旅次流量及非主要壅塞路段行經旅次流量，並以各路段上非主要壅塞路段行經旅次流量為背景，求取當整體總成本最低時各路徑上之主要壅塞路段行經旅次流量指派量，同時與實務上壅塞路段流量限制之管制方式進行比較，並進一步分析主要壅塞路段內之指派旅次數量與整體路網成本之關係。
透過建構之模型以台北車站周圍交通進行案例分析，其結果顯示：能減少主要壅塞路段成本13.49%。整體地區總成本減少4.79%。將求解結果與主要壅塞路段流量管制比較：控制主要壅塞路段上游單一節點流量，能降低整體總成本0.37%。控制上游兩節點流量，能降低整體總成本2.74%。控制上游所有節點流量，能降低整體總成本3.30%。

關鍵字

運輸問題 ； 運輸規劃 ； 交通指派

並列摘要

Generally, the steps of using traffic assignment to resolve the traffic congestion first understand the trip beginning and end and trip path distribution before and then conduct the distribution assignment. However, it is difficult to understand the complete information of trip distribution in some intensive and complex regions in the cities.
The measure of controlling the major congested road is therefore adopted. Nevertheless, the result may cause the declined flow turned into other roads and restrict the value of the way of resolving traffic congestion. In this study, a relieving way is used to control the relieving trip path of the major congested road in order to reduce the traffic congestion. This article modifies the traditional minimum system-optimization model of the entire-cost and separates each flow of the road into the major trip flow of the congested road and secondary trip flow of the congested road. In addition, using non-major trip flow of congested roads as a background in order to get the major traffic assignment of trip flow of each path in a minimum entire-cost. In the meanwhile, compare it with the controlled way of the practical restricted flow of the congested road and further analyze the relationship of the assignment trip number of the major congested road and entire network cost.
The analytic result of the case of the model of the traffic around Taipei Main Station indicates that 13.49 percent of the cost of major congested roads. Compare the result and the major controlled congested road: controlling the single flow of the upstream network node which enters the major congested road can reduce 0.37 percent of the entire-cost, controlling two flows of the upstream network nodes which enter the major congested road can reduce 2.74 percent of the entire-cost, controlling all flows of the upstream network nodes which enter the major congested road can reduce 3.30 percent of the entire-cost.

並列關鍵字

Transportation problem ； Transportation Planning ； Traffic Assignment

參考文獻

1.周義華，運輸工程，臺北：華泰文化事業股份有限公司，2007。

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13.鄭兆哲，以電路模擬演算法決定非線性成本函數之交通指派問題，

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Analysis with Mathematical Programming