- 學位論文
染料敏化奈米太陽能電池研製與效率量測
Manufacture of dye-sensitized nano solar cells and their efficiency measurements
摘要
染料敏化奈米太陽能電池的研製，主要針對四項組成元件：光電極、染料、電解質及反電極進行研究，探討不同材料對效率所造成的影響。在光電極方面，幾種不同奈米顆粒薄膜中，以ZnO表現出最差的光電轉換能力，TiO2的兩種晶型光電轉換特性差異不大。當燒結溫度越高，電池的光電轉換效率明顯上升，其中以加熱至450C的光電轉換效率較佳。在染料方面，本研究以隔水加熱粹取天然植物的染料進行研究，並以未加染料的情形相比較，結果顯示，對於擁有較高類胡蘿蔔素的植物而言，具有較佳的光電轉換效率且添加染料能大幅提升光電轉換效率，而增強的光電轉換效率與染料的吸收光譜有關。染料濃度對敏化奈米太陽能電池光電轉換特性並無明顯影響。若以Chlorophyll 和Alizarin、Alizarin Red及Alizarin Yellow多種染料製備成混合染料使用，所製成的太陽能電池，其光電極從陽極變為陰極，反電極則轉換成陽極，形成一個反向迴路。在電解質方面，以液態電解液為主，為I_2、KI及Propylenecarbonate的混合溶液。在反電極製作上，比較各種金屬~(非貴重金屬)與非金屬材料，以含碳電極擁有較佳的光電轉換特性。以碳黑及石墨兩種碳類材料混合，當碳黑的比例越高時，所呈現的光電轉換效率就越高。為提高碳電極附著力而混合少量半導體粉末時，明顯提高短路電流。製作時將碳電極 ，持續燒結三十分鐘，在染料敏化電池光電特性表現上，以燒結至450C時得到較好的光電轉換效率與填充因子。在進行各部份元件的研究探討上，主要以光電池的效率為基準，本實驗自組光電效率量測儀及掃描式吸收光譜分析儀，對於太陽能電池效率量測方面，所使用的太陽光模擬燈源，以複金屬燈之光譜與太陽光的光譜最為接近，其中在紫光與藍光區段的符合性最高；另外，掃描式吸收光譜分析儀主要在進行單色光掃描，目前已能分離製作出11種不同的窄頻光做為量測光源用。
並列摘要
The manufacturing process of dye-sensitized nano solar cells was focused on the four main constituents, which are the photoelectrode, the dye, the electrolyte, and the counter electrode. The photoelectrode: In comparison with some photoelectrodes show that the $ZnO$ photoelectrode has poor photoelectric conversion efficiency as well as the two different kinds of TiO2 crystals photoelectrodes have higher photoelectric conversion effiecencies and slight difference each other. The results show that the higher sintering temperature of photoelectrode is, the higher photoelectric conversion efficiency is. The best effective sintering temperature of photoelectrode in this work is 450C. The dye: This work applied the natural dyes, which were extracted from the plants using the indirect hydronic heating method. The results show that the higher contents of carotene for dyes are, the higher photoelectric conversion efficiencies are. The photoelectrodes with dyes are compared with the no-dyes photoelectrodes and receives that the dyes can promote the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The added photoelectric conversion efficiency is related to absorption spectrum of the dyes. The obvious influence of dyes concentration was not found in this work. The application of mixed dyes with chlorophyll, Alizarin, Alizarin Red, and Alizarin Yellow will cause the solar cell's inverse current during shining. The electrolyte uses the liquid mixture of I2, KI, and Propylenecarbonate. The counter electrode: In comparison with various metal and non-metal materials receives the results that the carbon made electrodes have the better photoelectric conversion efficiencies. The manufacture of carbon counter electrode normally uses the mixture of carbon black and graphite as originl materials.The carbon electrode used semiconductor powder as additive to enhance the adhesion each other. The mixed carbon electrode will be sintered in 30 minutes and the sintering temperature of 450c has the better photoelectric conversion efficiency in this work. The mixture show the results that the higher ratio of carbon black is, the better photoelectric conversion efficiency and the fill factor are. An strument for measurements of photoelectric conversion efficiency and a scanning absorption spectrum analyzer, which used a metal halide lamp asthe light source due to its better fitted spectrum on the purple and blue fields with the solar spectrum, are built in the work. The scanning absorption spectrum analyzer has already created 11 kinds of light with narrow range frequency.