爆破震動波對邊坡穩定的影響分析

Slope Stability Analysis Under Influence of Blasting Vibration

沈清全(Chin-Chuan Shen)

指導教授 ： 丁原智

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/材料科學與工程研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

在露天礦場開採過程中，隨著開採深度的增大，其邊坡越來越高，特別是對於那些存在不穩定因素的高陡邊坡，倘若受爆破震動的影響，極有可能造成邊坡的失穩破壞，危及安全生產甚至影響礦山的正常生產秩序。台灣地區部分較具規模之露天礦場隨著採掘場的逐年下降，邊坡逐年增高，邊坡滑動的危害將越來越大，為了保證採礦場的正常生產和安全，必須對殘壁階段布置控制爆破加以研究，防止災害發生。因此，研究爆破震動對邊坡穩定性的影響，提出切實可行的降震技術措施具有十分重要意義。
本研究將開挖爆破震動效應和邊坡岩體失穩破壞規律及其控制技術作為一個整體進行探討。主要研究方法與過程包括: 爆破震動機制及爆破震動傳播規律的探討、爆破震動對邊坡穩定性影響的研究、現場爆破試驗和監測及結果分析。
研究發現，分析和判斷爆破震動對邊坡或最終殘壁的影響和破壞，可以採用很多的物理量來進行評價，如震動速度、加速度、應力、位移等，但採用最普遍的，也是被公認的還是震動速度。
研究監測取得了一些相關的K、a值，有了K、a值即可根據V、R等資料確定出爆破震動所允許的一次最大起爆藥量，在控制炸藥量的基礎上，必要時就可以採取相關減震措施，控制爆破震動效應。

關鍵字

爆破震動效應 ； 震動速度 ； 邊坡穩定

並列摘要

As the quarry operation evolve, the deeper the pit, the higher and steeper of the highwall, and thus, the influence of blasting vibration may affect the potentially unstable slope which may cause safety problem and result in the shut-down of the overall mining operation. In most of the large scale limestone quarry in Taiwan, the highwall left along with mining operation increased every year which will also increase the possibility of slope stability problem. In order to ensure the normal operation and safety, it is important to explore the mechanism of control blasting to prevent the occurrence of slope hazards. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the influence of blasting vibration to slope stability, and then provide effective measure to reduce blasting vibration.
This research explore the relationship of blasting effect and rock mass slope failure criteria and its control techniques. The methodology and procedures of this research including the study of mechanism of blasting vibration and of transmission, influence of blasting vibration to the slope stability , monitoring of blasting test and analysis.
According to the test data and analysis results, it was found that many of physical characteristics such as peak particle velocity, acceleration, stress and displacement can be used to evaluate the influence and failure of blasting vibration to quarry highwall.
The factor of K、α values were collected during blasting monitoring, the maximum allowable amount of explosive for each delay can then be determined by referring V and R factor obtained from K、α values. Based upon the controlled amount of explosive, effective vibration reduction and control measures can then be used.

並列關鍵字

Effect of blasting vibration ； Peak particle velocity ； slope stability

參考文獻

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