台灣地區垃圾焚化廠灰渣戴奧辛含量特徵之研究

Dioxin Contents in ash Discharged from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators in Taiwan

曾德意(Der-Yih Tseng)

指導教授 ： 章裕民

國立臺北科技大學/工程學院/環境工程與管理研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

台灣地區垃圾焚化廠產生之灰渣已朝資源再利用方式處理，將使得原存於灰渣中之戴奧辛污染物質逐漸釋入環境中，因此有必要瞭解焚化灰渣中戴奧辛含量及相關操作條件因素的影響。本研究以台灣地區大型垃圾焚化廠為研究對象，依據94-95年間20座垃圾焚化廠灰渣中戴奧辛檢測結果與相關操作參數，探討研究灰渣中戴奧辛濃度含量特徵及其影響因子，作為垃圾焚化廠操作營運之參考。
研究顯示20座垃圾焚化廠飛灰與底渣中平均戴奧辛實測濃度分別為36.59 ng/g（1.227 ng I-TEQ /g）、0.2666 ng/g（0.0078 ng I-TEQ /g）。由戴奧辛17種主要異構物分布情況之研究顯示：（1）飛灰與底渣中戴奧辛實測濃度之貢獻量皆以 OCDD、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF、OCDF等4項高氯數異構物為主，四者總量分別佔整體貢獻量之78.8%、82.9%；（2）飛灰與底渣中戴奧辛17種異構物以OCDD實測濃度貢獻量為最大，分別佔整體貢獻量之40.21%、43.45%。因其化學結構呈現的化學鍵結間穩定性較高，可作為台灣地區垃圾焚化廠灰渣中戴奧辛異構物之指標性物種；（3）飛灰與底渣中PCDDs對總實測濃度（PCDDs與PCDFs）之平均比值分別為0.6、0.53，顯示台灣地區垃圾焚化廠灰渣中戴奧辛實測濃度主要來源為PCDDs。
在垃圾組成方面，研究發現台灣地區垃圾焚化廠垃圾中有機氯含量與飛灰中戴奧辛實測總量濃度、OCDD實測濃度並無關係。另垃圾焚化廠處理一般事業廢棄物百分比（x）與飛灰中戴奧辛實測總量濃度（y）呈中度正相關，其迴歸式為 y=2.3321x-8.1065（R2=0.1283）。
在操作參數方面，研究發現台灣地區垃圾焚化廠焚化垃圾時，燃燒溫度與飛灰中戴奧辛實測總量濃度、OCDD實測濃度並無關係；活性碳使用量與飛灰中戴奧辛實測總量濃度、OCDD實測濃度並無關係。

關鍵字

垃圾焚化廠 ； 灰渣 ； 戴奧辛 ； OCDD

並列摘要

The fly and bottom ash, discharged from MSW incinerators in Taiwan,are regulated to be reused through pretreatment technologies . However dioxin is released from fly and bottom ash, it is necessary to know the relationship between the dioxin concentration in the ash and incinerator operating condition factors. This study investigated dioxin content and characteristics in the ash and incinerator operating factors in twenty different MSW incinerators in Taiwan from 2005 to 2006.
It was found that the average concentrations of dioxin in the fly and bottom ash discharged from the twenty MSW incinerators were 36.59 ng/g (1.227 ng I-TEQ/g) and 0.2666 ng/g (0.0078 ng I-TEQ/g), respectively. Seventeen kinds of dioxin were distributed: (1) the concentration of main dioxin in the fly and bottom ash was OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, OCDF. The proportions of the four compounds in dioxin were 78.8% and 82.9%. (2) The concentration of OCDD in the 17 kinds of dioxin was the highest and the proportions of dioxin were 40.21% and 43.45%. Because the chemical structure is stable between the two chemical elements, this category of dioxin is thought to be the index for ash that forms in the MSW incinerators. (3) The average ratios of PCDDs in fly and bottom ash and total measured concentration (PCDDs and PDCFs) were 0.6 and 0.53. PCDDs is found to be primary component in the fly and bottom ash.
The study also concludes that both total concentrationa of dioxins/furans and OCDD are not functions of chlorine content in freeding refuse. The percentage of general industrial waste (x) from MSW incinerators appears middle positive relationship with the total concentration （y）of dioxins/furans and OCDD . The regressional correlation can be express as y=2.3321x-8.1065 (R2=0.1283). For operation parameters, it was also found that : the temperature appears no relationship with the total concentration of dioxins/furans and OCDD; the amount of used active carbon appears no relationship with the total concentration of dioxins/furans and OCDD。

並列關鍵字

MSW Incinerators ； Ash ； Dioxin ； OCDD

參考文獻

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