人類文明發展始終與治水、利水兩項議題息息相關,水和環境必定脫不了關係,尤其近年來受全球氣候變遷效應及流域集水區迅速都市化影響,水問題之處理更形重要也益發棘手,又水患的問題亦是國家穩定與否的關鍵因素,故治水工作一向為國家施政之重點之一,均思索如何以有限的社會資源與經費,用最經濟有效的方式消減水患,保護人民生命財產之安全,並進而改善河川環境,故其治水手段已成為世界各國不得不面對的嚴峻挑戰。 臺灣地區早年之河川治理大都以築堤防禦為主,惟在面對水與土砂災害併發的複合型災害威脅的治水課題中,過去河道治理方式漸漸難以竟其功,必須改弦易轍朝向整體規劃、整治、管理及防災之治理對策著手,自98年莫拉克颱風釀成空前洪災及召開全國治水會議後,「流域治理之綜合治水」的觀念思維儼然已成為當前臺灣地區之水患治理主要策略與趨勢。 本研究試圖從流域整體治理、綜合治水特性之需要性、工程與非工程方法及其他綜合措施、策略等進行研析,並以基隆河整治為例探討其治理對策及防災成效。透過整治前後之計畫洪水量及以納莉颱洪事件推估之河川水位,分析各項防洪措施之減災程度、減洪量效果、洪氾改善及保護區域面積、人口等改善效益,並輔以相關經濟效益評估文獻研究引證分析比較,從中疏理出直接、間接之經濟效益與社會、生態的價值。經分析研究結果,依基隆河特性所採用之治理措施對水系上、下游洪泛災害降減成效顯著,已成為臺灣近年成功治水的範例。
The human civilization development has close relationship with rivers and water regulation. The water is relative to the environment. Water control becomes moredifficult recently because of the climate change and urbanized water resource area.Besides, floods issue is critical for society stabilization than past. How to utilize theresource and money efficiently to eliminate the floods, protect the life and propertyof the citizens and ameliorate river environment is an important issue for thegovernment. So all the governments around the world face real challenge in watercontrol. In the past, building embankment to against the floods was the major tactic forTaiwan government. However, this way didn’t work when we faced floods andmudflows complex disaster. After ‘Morakot disaster’ and country-water-controlmeeting, integrated management has become the major tactic in water control forTaiwan government In this study, we focus on researching the necessity of multiple water control,construction and non-construction methods and other methods. Let’s take the watercontrol project of the Keelung River for example. We use water change and estimatedriver level by ‘Nari Disaster’ to analyze the effects of mitigation, water reduction, floodsimprovement, protection area and population. We find out that the water controlproject of the Keelung River is successful.