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  • 學位論文

罪犯或病患?從二級緩起訴團體戒癮治療看安非他命使用醫療化

Criminal or Patient?Medicalization of Amphetamine Use from the Perspective of Deferred Prosecution for Category Two Narcotics Abstention and Coerced Group Therapy

指導教授 : 日宏煜

摘要


行政院於1998年修訂「毒品危害防制條例」,加入使用毒品者為「病患型犯人」的概念,對初犯者以保安處分替代刑罰;接續以「治療優於刑罰」理念,於2008年增列緩起訴戒癮治療,2009年實施範圍更從第一級毒品擴展到第二級毒品,不同的是,第一級緩起訴戒癮治療模式使用藥物治療,第二級則是使用社會心理治療,其中又以團體心理治療為主。由於政府制定的政策不同,是否因此讓第二級毒品使用者更容易從「罪犯」角色被醫療化為「病患」角色,而產生一種「新文化束縛症候群(new culture-bound syndrome)」?哪些第二級毒品使用者較容易符合「病患」角色,藉以建立「緩起訴戒癮治療」對象篩選參考指標,提供相關政策執行之參考?據此,引發本研究的動機。 本研究採用次級資料分析法,就二級緩起訴團體戒癮治療個案特質及使用量表評估來探討哪些第二級毒品使用者較容易符合「病患」角色。流行病學研究結果發現實驗組(即病患組)個案多無業、已婚、濫用酒精的病史、濫用安非他命的病史、藥物濫用的犯罪史、曾戒癮超過1年以上及使用路徑為口服,而在量表研究結果顯示,實驗組個案自我價值較高、焦慮度較低、較不內向、人際關係較佳、較不慮病、較沒有迫害想法。另外,採用檔案研究方法分析團體心理治療紀錄,發現女性個案使用原因常與感情因素有關,個案常將使用原因做外在歸因、低估使用嚴重度,無業及司法案件容易造成治療中斷,且親子關係常成為戒癮動機。

並列摘要


Narcotics Hazard Prevention Act was revised in 1998,which applies the concept of drug users as“patients”.First-time drug offenders may be granted rehabilitative measures, instead of subjecting to penalty.The 2008 amendment allows the first-time drug defendant to be placed on probation if the prosecution has been deferred by the prosecutor for the purpose of allowing the defendant to participate in and successfully complete the drug treatment program and extends from category one narcotics to category two narcotics in 2009. For category one narcotics, it is mainly biological treatment plan, and for category two narcotics, psychosocial treatment plan plays an important role,especially group therapy.As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate that due to different policies in the process of medicalization changing from the users’ role of “criminals”to “patients”has a 「new culture-bound syndrome」or not?By the way, what kinds of category two narcotics users could fit in the role of “patients”to establish the indications of deffered prosecution for compulsory drug abstention and treatment. This study explores the problem by analyzing the secondary data.We analyze what kinds of category two narcotics users could fit in the role of “patients”by the characteristics of drug defendants and the inventory.The results show that the completers(the “patients”) are unemployed、maried、history of alcohol abuse、history of amphetamine abuse、criminal history of drug abuse、abstention for more than one year and oral route use.In the results of inventory, the completers show higher self-esteem、less anxious、less inverted、better interpersonal relationship、less hypochondriasis and less persecutory ideation. In addition,from the analysis of group therapy record,we find that female users’ reasons highly related with emotions;users tending to attribute the reasons to others and underestimate the severity;no job and judicial cases interrupting the treatment;parent-child relationship becoming the reason of abstention.

參考文獻


一、中文部分
王佳岑(譯)(民85)。心囚:發掘與改變你一生的信念(原作者:Patrick,F.、Matthew,M.)。台北市,耶魯國際文化事業有限公司。(原著出版年:1991)
王雪芳(民104)。我國毒品緩起訴戒癮治療效益之探討(碩士論文)。取自臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統(系統編號103NTU05227031)
刑事訴訟法(民105年6月22日)。
行政院海巡署(民94)。近年國內安非他命毒品製造趨勢之分析與檢討。取自http://www.dyjh.tc.edu.tw/~assist/spring97/post/3-4.doc

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