Synthesis of Cu-incorporated (0.5 wt.% Cu) bioceramic (Cu-ZrO2) was conducted in the present study. The bacterial strains, Gram-positive bacterial Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) ATCC6538P, and Gram-negative bacterial Escherichia coli (E. coli) ATCC8739 were used in the antibacterial test based on JIS Z2801:2010 specification. Antibacterial test demonstrated that the Cu-ZrO2 possessed the antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive bacterial S. aureus and Gram-negative bacterial E. coli, with an antibacterial rate of nearly 100%. It was found that the Cu+ ions can be released from the surface of the Cu-ZrO2 bioceramic then kill bacteria by destroying cell walls and cell membranes, causing their cytoplasm to run off and lose its duplication ability.