The purpose of the present study is to investigate the influence of laser rate on the microstructure and biocompatibility of the laser-treated AISI 316L stainless steel. Results indicated that after laser treatment, a roughened and porous layer comprising Fe, Cr, and Ni oxides, formed on the surface. Furthermore, increasing laser rate, the surface roughness increases while the contact angle decreases. The results of MTT assay exhibits that the laser-treated 316L SS is biocompatible attributed to the oxides on surface and the roughened surface. These features can be useful in further understanding the relationship between the microstructure, biocompatibility and hemocompatibility of the AISI 316LSS, to development as anew medical implant alloy with good biocompatibility.