- 學位論文
探討EPA、DHA、小米或天麻萃取物補充對強迫游水模式引致類似憂鬱情況之改善效果
Antidepressant-like Effects of EPA, DHA, Millet or Gastrodia elata Bl. Extract on the Forced Swimming Test Model
摘要
目前罹患憂鬱症的人口逐年攀升，甚至有文獻預測西元2020年時，憂鬱症將成為造成人口殘疾的第二大原因。目前抗鬱劑的使用並沒有辦法有效改善患者的病情，因此尋求具有改善憂鬱作用之食品遂成為全球所重視的課題之一。本次實驗利用大鼠強迫游水試驗以評估富含小米、天麻、二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA)及二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid, DHA)之飲食對於雄性成鼠行為表現之影響。實驗期間分別給予70隻Sprague-Dawley大鼠富含大豆油(含imipramine組-投予抗鬱劑imipramine)、小米粉末、天麻萃取物、富含EPA之魚油及富含DHA之魚油的飲食。各組大鼠經六週的飲食介入後進行強迫游水試驗(forced swimming test, FST)並犧牲，採集血液、組織檢體，進行血漿、紅血球及腦部前額葉皮質之脂肪酸組成分析，並分析腦部前額葉皮質中單胺氧化酶-A(monoamine oxidase A, MAO-A)活性及腦源性神經營養因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor, BDNF)濃度。於強迫游水試驗之結果中發現，小米組及EPA組之靜止時間(immobile time)顯著少於控制組(p<0.05)，且其腦源性神經營養因子濃度亦顯著提高(p<0.05)。與控制組比較發現EPA組、小米組及天麻組之腦源性神經營養因子濃度均顯著提高(p<0.05)。而於腦部前額葉皮質脂肪酸組成之結果中發現，與控制組比較，EPA組之C20:4所佔比例顯著降低。綜合以上結果發現，富含EPA之飲食可藉由降低腦部前額葉皮質之C20:4以達到抗發炎之作用，並提高腦源性神經營養因子濃度以達到維持神經細胞正常生長及其功能，進一步改善大鼠於生理壓力下類似憂鬱行為之表現。而富含小米之飲食可藉由提高腦源性神經營養因子濃度以達到維持神經細胞正常生長及其功能，進一步改善大鼠於生理壓力下類似憂鬱行為之表現。
並列摘要
The growing burden of depression is as evidenced by the projection that depression will be the second leading cause of disease or injury in the world by 2020. However, current antidepressant treatments are not satisfactory. Thus, the discovery of antidepressive foods is more attractive and considerable in the world. In this study, we aimed to assess the antidepression-like effects of millet, Gastrodia elata Bl. (GE) extract, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) diets on behavior test in adult male rats. Seventy Sprague-Dawley rats were housed and fed with the various diet rich in soy oil (with positive control, injected imipramine), millet powder, extract of GE, EPA-rich oil, and DHA-rich oil for six weeks. After dietary intervention, animals were tested in the forced swimming test (FST) and determined the lipid composition in plasma, erythrocyte and prefrontal cortex and were determined the monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) activity and brain-derived neurotrophin factor (BDNF) level in brain. The results of the forced swimming test showed that the millet group and EPA group showed a significantly shorter immobile time and higher BDNF level than control group (p<0.05). The decreasing MAO-A activity was observed in the GE group and the DHA group than the control group (p<0.05), however, there was no improvement on the behavior performance. The EPA group, the millet group and the GE group had higher concentration of BDNF (p<0.05) than the controls. In conclusion, the millet and EPA-rich diet present the antidepressant-like property and showed the various molecular mechanisms under the physical stress.