針葉樹之牛樟芝菌絲體生長促進因子及牛樟芝菌絲體成分之研究

Promotion of hyphal growth in Antrodia camphorata from coniferous trees and chemical studies on Antrodia camphorata mycelia

陳曉娟(Chen Hsiao-Chuan)

指導教授 ： 徐鳳麟 ； 盧美光

臺北醫學大學/藥學院/生藥學研究所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

牛樟芝（Antrodia camphorata）為台灣特有之藥用真菌，生長於台灣保育樹種牛樟的腐朽心材上，然而其野生子實體的生長速度緩慢，因此造成醫療及研究上材料不足。由於野外寄主牛樟（Cinnamomun kanehirai）為保育植物，故本研究以針葉樹種取代寄主樹種，將七種針葉樹之萃取物添加於液態培養基中，以生成之生物量及菌絲體代謝活性為依據，篩選能促進牛樟芝快速生長之因子，並對培養之菌絲體進行化學成分研究。篩選結果顯示，添加香杉（Cunninghamia konishii）葉部之多醣體於3 g/l之劑量下，菌絲體乾重可達5.29 ± 0.16 g/l，相較於對照組2.69 ± 0.13 g/l有明顯促進生長效果（** P < 0.01），其菌絲體甲醇萃取物在濃度2 mg/ml時對於α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH）自由基清除能力為95.48 ± 0.20 %，高於基礎培養基組的69.94 ± 4.32 %及子實體的79.22%。分析香杉葉部之多醣體，結果顯示所含單醣之重量百分比為半乳糖胺（Galactosamine）5.15 ± 0.13 %、半乳糖（Galactose）3.75 ± 0.11 %、葡萄糖（Glucose）2.00 ± 0.14 %、甘露糖（Mannose）1.86 ± 0.24 %、肌醇（myo-inositol）0.48 ± 0.06 %、岩藻醣（Fucose）0.47 ± 0.05 %、山梨醇（Sorbitol）0.27 ± 0.05 %。針對培養於基礎培養基之牛樟芝菌絲體之酒精萃取物進行分離純化，得到四個羊毛甾酸化合物（lanostane-type compound）分別為dehydroeburicoic acid，eburicoic acid，dehydrosulphurenic acid及sulphurenic acid，這類化合物亦存在子實體中。

關鍵字

牛樟芝 ； 針葉樹 ； 多醣體 ； 三萜類

並列摘要

Antrodia camphorata is a peculiar medicinal fungus in Taiwan, which grows on the moribund heart wood of the endemic tree species, Cinnamomum kanehirai. Because of its slow growth-rate in nature and host plant endangered, the material is insufficient on medical treatment and research. This research screened for the hyphal growth factor of A. camphorata from seven coniferous trees (Cunninghamia konishii, Cryptomeria japonica, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Pinus taiwanensis, Pinus armandi, Tsugo chinensis, Taxus sumatrana) based on biomass and mycelial growth-related metabolic activity. Chemical constituents of cultured A. camphorata mycelia were also investigated. The results showed that A. camphorata fed with polysaccharide (PS) of C. konishii leaves at the dose of 3 g/l exhibited the highest growth effect on the biomass of 5.29 ± 0.16 g/l, significantly higher than that of control (2.69 ± 0.13 g/l) (** P < 0.01). The scavenging activity on α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of 2 mg/ml methanolic extracts of PS-cultured mycelia was 95.48 ± 0.20 %, higher than both of the control (69.94 ± 4.32 %) and fruiting body (79.22 %). The compositional analysis of C. konishii leaves PS was carried out by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. The result showed that C. konishii leaves PS composed of galactosamine (5.15 ± 0.13), galactose (3.75 ± 0.11), glucose (2.00 ± 0.14), mannose (1.86 ± 0.24), myo-inositol (0.48 ± 0.06), fucose (0.47 ± 0.05), and sorbitol (0.27 ± 0.05 %). Four lanostane-type compounds: dehydroeburicoic acid, eburicoic acid, dehydrosulphurenic acid, sulphurenic acid were purified from the ethanolic extracts of cultured A. camphorata mycelia. These compounds also exist in the fruiting body.

並列關鍵字

Antrodia camphorata ； coniferous tree ； polysaccharides ； triterpenids

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