訶子對抗藥性金黃葡萄球菌之抗菌活性研究

The antibacterial activity of Terminalia chebula against drug-resistant Staphylococci

郭晉銓(Chin-chuan Kuo)

指導教授 ： 梁文俐 博士

臺北醫學大學/藥學院/生藥學研究所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

抗生素的濫用，使抗生素抗藥性的問題變的非常嚴重，其中金黃色葡萄球菌對penicillin和methicillin的抗藥性更是深受重視。自從1980年代，PRSE (penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis)和 MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus)更變成院內重要的致病菌，PRSE和MRSA易造成嚴重的感染包括心內膜炎和致死性的休克。研究中，我們測試四十種中藥對抗PRSA (penicillin-resistant S. aureus), MRSA和PRSE， 測試抗菌的方法有瓊脂紙錠擴散法、連續稀釋法和殺菌力評估試驗。我們發現訶子的最小抑菌濃度雖然大於1mg，訶子256 ug/ml粗萃取物併用4 ug/ml oxacillin，對於MRSA(ATCC33591)具有殺菌作用。將訶子粗萃取物經有機溶媒分配之後，分別得到正己烷層, 氯仿層, 乙酸乙酯層, 正丁醇層和水層，其中正丁醇層256 ug/ml併用2 ug/ml oxacillin，對於MRSA(ATCC33591)具有殺菌作用，而1024 ug/ml氯仿層或乙酸乙酯層併用2 ug/ml penicillin G，對於PRSA(ATCC11632)也可達到殺菌效果。將正丁醇層利用管柱層析的方法，得到兩個抗菌成分chebulagic acid (CA)和1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-B-D-glucose。其中CA對MRSA(ATCC33591)的抑菌濃度為 512 ug/ml，當oxacillin併用CA256 ?ug/ml，可使oxacillin的最小抑菌濃度，由8降至0.5 ug/ml。我們測試CA對兩株MRSA臨床菌株和三株ORSA (oxacillin-resistant S. aureus)臨床菌珠的抗菌活性，其中對MRSA臨床菌株在 512 ug/ml併用0.5 ug/ml oxacillin時可達到抑菌作用;對ORSA臨床菌株則在 512 ug/ml分別併用0.5 ug/ml和2 ug/ml oxacillin時，亦達到抑菌的作用。總之，CA併用抗生素對於MRSA、PRSA、PRSE，具有良好的協同性抑菌效果。

關鍵字

訶子 ； 金黃色葡萄球菌 ； 表皮葡萄球菌 ； MRSA ； ORSA ； 最小抑菌濃度 ； chebulagic acid ； 1 ； 2 ； 3 ； 4 ； 6-penta-O-B-D-glucose

並列摘要

Because people abuse antibiotics, bacterial resistance to antibiotics becomes very serious. Staphylococcus aureus also produce resistance to penicillin and methicillin. Since 1980s, PRSE (penicillin- resistant staphylococcus epidermidis) and MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) have become important nosocomial pathogens. PRSE and MRSA can cause serious infections, including endocarditis and toxic shock syndrome. In this study, we tested in vitro antibacterial activities of forty traditional Chinese medicines against PRSA (penicillin-resistant S. aureus), MRSA and PRSE. We tested antibacterial activities by using disc agar diffusion method, broth dilution test, and time kill assay test. Although we have found that the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of Chebulae Fructus>1mg, we combined the crude extract 256 ug/ml with 4 ug/ml oxacillin, it could inhibit MRSA(ATCC33591). We isolated Chebulae Fructus by partition, and we got hexane fraction, chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction, and H2O fraction. When we combined the n-butanol fraction 256 ug/ml with 2 ug/ml oxacillin, it could inhibit MRSA(ATCC33591). We combined the chloroform fraction or the ethyl acetate fraction 1024 ug/ml with 2 ug/ml penicillin G, it could inhibit PRSA(ATCC11632). We isolated the n-butanol fraction by column chromatography, and we got two active compounds, chebulaic(CA) acid and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-B-D- glucose. The MIC of CA against MRSA(ATCC33591) was 512 ?ug/ml. .When oxacillin was combined with 256 ug/ml CA against MRSA (ATCC33591), the MIC of oxacillin was falling from 8 to 0.5 ug/ml. We tested the antibacterial activitiy of CA against two clinical isolates of MRSA and three clinical isolates of ORSA (oxacillin-resistant S. aureus). We combined CA 512 ug/ml with 0.5 ug/ml oxacillin, it could inhibit two clinical isolates of MRSA. We combined CA 512 ug/ml with 0.5 ug/ml and 2 ug/ml oxacillin, it could inhibit clinical isolates of ORSA. Abouve all, CA combined with antibiotics against MRSA、PRSA and PRSE has good synergical effect.

並列關鍵字

Chebulae Fructus ； Staphylococcus aureus ； Staphylococcus epidermidis ； MRSA ； ORSA ； MIC ； chebulagic acid ； 1 ； 2 ； 3 ； 4 ； 6-penta-O-B-D-glucose

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