原住民勞工職業傷害特性之探討

Study on The Characteristics of Occupational Injuries in Aborigines

林姿君(Tzu-Chun Lin)

指導教授 ： 葉錦瑩

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/公共衛生學研究所/碩士(2006年)

摘要

摘要 根據行政院衛生署93年的統計資料顯示，意外事故於臺灣地區十大死因中排行第五名，但在原住民十大死因中排行第一位，其中職業傷害屬於意外事故中一環。過去研究發現，社會中的少數族群，如：外國移民、外籍工作者、原住民，較一般勞工人有較高的致死性或非致死性職業傷害。此外，民國88年調查指出，台灣原住民每十萬人口事故傷害發生率為142.5，為台灣地區之2.42倍，可見原住民應有某些特性為職業傷害之危險因子。 研究之對象是以行政院原住民族委員會提供之原住民人口資料庫，以行政區域為基準，隨機抽樣設籍於花蓮縣、市之原住民，以及台北縣、市之原住民，依設籍地將原住民分成：部落原住民勞工、都會原住民勞工，另外再採性別、年齡、地區頻率配對，選取一般勞工做為對照組。以結構式問卷為工具調查有關職業傷害之相關變項分析其人口學變項、工作狀況、安全衛生認知狀況、工作環境、健康狀況、健康行為以及工作感受之異同，以瞭解影響原住民職業傷害可能的重要危險因子，以提供日後相關研究或施政上之參考。 結果發現部落較都會、原住民較非原住民其教育程度、收入、規則性有報酬之工作比例較低，又原住民以及部落之社會經濟的差異可能會影響勞工之工作類型、工作行業以及可能工作中遭遇的危險。部落原住民從事之工作性質大多為危險性較高的工作，如：農林漁牧業、營造業等，在工作中可能遭遇到的危害也較多，如：跌倒、滑倒、物體倒塌或飛落、切割傷等危害，可見工作環境不良可能是造成職業傷害的原因之一。又有三成以上的部落原住民工作環境需使用防護具但卻沒有使用，部落原住民暴露在高風險環境中仍沒有正確保護自身安全，因此職業傷害危險性相對較高。研究中也發現睡眠品質可能會影響職業傷害的發生，睡眠困擾情形愈嚴重其睡眠品質也愈差，又睡眠品質和自覺健康狀況又有高度相關，故在迴歸模式中僅包含其一。而健康行為方面，有抽菸、喝酒、嚼檳榔習慣者職業傷害之危險性較高，且部落原住民比例偏高，但在模式中校正年齡、性別、研究對象以及危險因子後不論抽菸、喝酒或嚼檳榔等均和職業傷害的危險性皆無顯著關係。 以羅吉斯迴歸模式分析，結果發現男性、對健康檢查不滿意者、自覺健康較差、工作滿意度低者有較高的職業傷害危險性。本研究中部落原住民勞工有且有較高比例之骨骼酸痛情形，故改善部落原住民勞工之工作環境、或製程上的相關程序，應有助於降低部落原住民勞工人因工程之相關危害。此外，原住民有較高比例抽菸、喝酒、嚼檳榔之情形，尤其是部落原住民勞工，此不良健康行為亦為職業傷害之危險因子，故應加強宣導減少不健康之習慣。綜合以上所述欲降低部落原住民勞工職業傷害發生率，當務之急應加強部落原住民勞工安全衛生相關知識之宣導及稽查相關規定，改善工作環境安全。此外，針對危險性行業之部落原住民建立良好的生活形態以促進健康狀況增進免疫力提升其工作滿意度。 本研究為橫斷性研究其因果關係推論較受限制，但仍可以作為日後相關研究或政策施行時的參考。 關鍵字：原住民、原住民勞工、職業傷害、工作感受

關鍵字

原住民、原住民勞工、職業傷害、工作感受

並列摘要

Abstract The accident is the fifth of the top ten leading causes of death in Taiwan, but is the first in aborigines. The occupational injury is the major cause of accident death. Aborigines in Taiwan have worse education, worker conditions and social economic status, so they take the occupation in non-professional, no technique, and with higher capacity for physical labour. A survey in 1999 showed that accident incidence rate in aborigines with 142.5 per one hundred thousand people was higher than the general in Taiwan. This study compare the difference between the aboriginal workers and general workers in rural or in urban with the characteristics in demography variables, working conditions, the safety and health knowing in working place, staff healthy, health behaviors and feelings in working, and discuss the risk factors of occupational injury in aborigines. The data base in this study was provided from council of Indigenous Peoples, Executive Yuan, and randomly sampled form the aboriginal workers registered in Hualien county or city and Taipei county or city. The control of this study was frequency matched by sex, age and registration sampling from the general workers. There are 106 aboriginal workers in rural, 54 general workers in rural, 70 aboriginal workers in urban, 53 general workers in urban enrolled in this study. All subjects were interview by a structured questionnaire. There are 17 people have the occupational injuries experience in the past one years, including 14 aboriginal workers in rural. The results revealed that rural, aboriginal workers have the lower education, job income, the rate of the job with regulational income than urban, general workers. The difference in social economic status between aboriginal workers and general workers, or rural and urban may influence the job type. Most of aboriginal workers in rural occupy the higer dangerous job, so they have higher occupational risk. The bad work environment may cause the occupational injuries in aboriginal workers. In this study, people who needed work defence but they didn’t use the protection were up to 30% in aboriginal workers in the rural. Besides, the quality of sleeping is high correlation with health awareness and may effect the occurance in occupational injuries. And the most aboriginal workers in rural have the habits in smoking, drinking, chewing the betel nut and were higher occupational injuries. In logistic regression model, after adjusting by age, sex, study object and common risk factor, smoking, drinking, chewing the betel nut were not correlation with occupational injuries. It shows if the workers who were males, not to be satisfied with health examination and bad health awareness, have higer occupational injuries. In the study, the aboriginal workers in rural have higher risk in ill feeling of muscle, bones and skeleton, so it was important to improve the safety in work environment and the working procedure. Aboriginal workers in rural have higher proportion in smoking, drinking, chewing the betel nut, so we should enhance the promoting in health behaviors. In order to reducing the rate of occupational injuries, it was the most important to strengthen the informations and knowledge about health and safety in work and to promote the safety in wok environment. And the related laws in health and safety work environment should be controlled. Key words: aborigines, aboriginal workers, occupational injuries, feeling in work

並列關鍵字

aborigines, aboriginal workers, occupational injuries, feeling in work

參考文獻

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55. Ko YC, Hsieh SF. An analysis of the major causes of death among aborigines in Taiwan. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 1994;10:352-66.

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