本研究在探討血液透析患者對鈉、鉀、磷、含水量高的飲食認知以及飲食控制不良所導致的醫學併發症認知與飲食配合度的關聯性。以北部某教學醫院門診血液透析患者為研究對象,共收集90名,其中男性34人,女性56人,平均年齡57±13歲,身體質量指數平均為23.5±4.0公斤/公尺2,其中35人有過重或肥胖問題,約6成有運動習慣,大多無喝酒或抽菸習慣,患者在醫學併發症的認知方面較飲食認知佳,平均各為0.89±0.16及0.57±0.18分,但對含鉀或含磷高的飲食認知較差,平均各為0.51±0.22及0.45±0.26分。患者的總飲食認知與教育程度、洗腎的歷史、攝取水果的次數等有關。問卷調查前一個月、當月、後一個月的血鈉、血鉀、血磷濃度平均為137.62±3.10meq/L 、4.53±0.63meq/L、5.01±1.31mg/dL,符合理想值者有77人、67人、63人(各佔85.6%、74.4%、70%),透析間體重增加量平均為2.59±0.86公斤,其中小於或等於乾重的5%有64人(71.1%),以上為飲食配合度佳組;血鈉、血鉀、血磷值大於理想值及透析間體重增加量大於乾重的5%者分別有13人、23人、27人及26人(各佔14.4%、25.6%、30%及28.9%),為飲食配合度不佳組。兩組在對鈉、鉀、磷、含水量高的飲食認知及醫學併發症的認知方面均無顯著性的差異,即患者的飲食配合度(血液生化值、透析間體重增加量)不受其飲食認知好壞的影響。未來宜採用有效衛教方式增強血液透析患者的飲食配合度,以建立臨床營養師執行營養教育介入的新方向。
The objective of this study was to investigate whether knowledge of diet and the medical complication influences dietary compliance among hemodialysis patients. An interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed patient's knowledge of foods restricted in their diet (i.e. score for knowledge of foods restricted on: sodium, potassium, phosphorus and fluid). Patient's mean monthly serum sodium, potassium, phosphorus and weight charts provided an estimate of dietary compliance. Ninety patients (♂34, ♀56) with hemodialysis at Chang Gung memorial hospital, Keelung, participated in the study. The average age was 57±13 year-old. Average of body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was 23.5±4.0, 39% patients was overweight or obesity. About 86% patients did not smoke or drink, and 63% of patients exercised. The average score of medical complication was better than the score of renal dietary restrictions (0.89±0.16, 0.57±0.18 respectively). The score of total dietary restriction was related with educational level, hemodialysis history, fruit consumption, etc (p<0.05). The average serum sodium, potassium and phosphorus level were 137.62±3.10meq/L, 4.53±0.63meq/L and 5.01±1.31mg/dL. About 85.6% (n=77), 74.4% (n=67) and 70% (n=63) patients met the above level. According to ideal interdialytic weight gain (less and equal to 5% of dry weight), there were 64 patients (71.1%) matching with that value. All of those patients were classified to compliance group, the other group as noncompliance group. Both groups were no significant difference on the score of renal dietary restrictions and medical complication. The development of new nutritional education intervention might be needed for patients with hemodialysis.