台灣國道兩車追撞特性之探討

研究背景根據美國研究報告指出，車尾碰撞事故是最常發生的交通意外事故類型，幾乎占了全球交通事故的三分之一。最容易發生車尾碰撞的交通意外事故是在有交通號誌路口的道路型態，其造成原因可能是因為交通號誌的轉換，影響了車輛在煞車與加速之間的車輛距離所導致。另一方面，以高速公路為主要類型的車尾碰撞型態，可能是由於高速的駕駛行為因而造成顯著。根據台灣官方事故統計表，車尾碰撞事故似乎是在事故發生的頻率和後果方面的安全問題。儘管如此，相對較少的研究著重於高速公路上發生車尾碰撞事故之型態。研究目標本研究主要目的，針對轎車、貨車、公共汽車之駕駛的駕駛行為，探討台灣高速公路發生車尾碰撞事故之特性。研究方法從國家數據資料庫取得道路事故調查報告A1、A2之數據資料，並以2003至2011年；共九年之數據資料為主要分析。研究分析著重於車尾撞擊事故的發生，並考量各種可能造成撞擊事故發生的影響因素。如：前車/後車、天氣/時間、車輛特徵等因素。研究結果結果發現，當轎車及貨車在發生車尾撞擊事故時，造成頭部和頸部受傷的風險與車輛速度有顯著關係。同時，男性駕駛人比女性駕駛人因車尾撞擊事故造成頭部/頸部受傷比率高了2.787%，顯示當事故發生時，男性駕駛人比女性駕駛人更容易造成頭部與頸部的傷害；結果也發現，酒後駕車也是造成頭部/頸部受傷的主要因素之一。結論對於轎車與轎車的車尾碰撞事故，酒精是一項重要的因素。根據研究發現，在發生車尾碰撞事故時，男性駕駛人比女性駕駛人更可能造成頭部/頸部受傷。

關鍵字

車尾追撞；碰撞因子；車禍

並列摘要

Abstract Background Rear-end accidents are one of the frequently occurring accident types globally, accounting for almost a third of all reported accidents in the US. Rear-end accidents are most common accidents type at signalised intersections as a result of disparities in braking and accelerating manoeuvres among vehicles in response to signal changes. On the other hand, crash impact in rear-end crash, that is the main crash type on freeways, can be significant due to high velocities. Official accident statistics in Taiwan has shown that rear-end crashes appear to be a safety problem in terms of accident frequency and consequence. Nonetheless, comparatively little research focusing on rear-end crashes that occur on freeways has been conducted. Objective The primary objective of the research is to investigate crash characteristics of rear-end crashes that occur on freeways in Taiwan, focusing on tailing drivers of sedan, bus, and truck. Materials and Methods Eight-year accident data (from years 2003 to 2011) were obtained from National A1 A2 Accident Database. The analyses focused on an investigation of contributory factors to rear-end accidents by various crash configurations taking account a variety of influential factors (e.g., leading/following vehicle, weather/temporal factors, vehicle characteristics etc.). Results The results showed that speed was significantly associated with the risk of a neck/head injury when involved in a rear-end accident for when a sedan and a truck are tailing. Males were found to be 2.787 times more likely than females to have neck/head injuries rather than other type of injuries when driving a passenger vehicle and rear-ending into a passenger vehicle. Alcohol was also significantly associated with having neck/head injuries rather than other injuries in a passenger vehicle-passenger vehicle rear-end collision. Conclusion Speed is an underscored predictor in causing neck/head for tailing passenger vehicle drivers and tailing truck drivers who rear-end passenger vehicles and trucks. Alcohol is an attributing factor to a passenger vehicle-passenger vehicle rear-end collision, with males being more likely than females to have neck/head injuries.

並列關鍵字

rear-end accident ； crash configuration ； traffic accident

參考文獻

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台灣國道兩車追撞特性之探討

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