哺乳婦女補充魚湯增加血清中EPA、DHA濃度

Fish soup supplement increases serum EPA and DHA concentrations in breastfeeding women

葉怡妙(Yi-Miao Yeh)

指導教授 ： 謝榮鴻

臺北醫學大學/公共衛生暨營養學院/保健營養學研究所/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6831/TMU.2011.00150

摘要

二十碳五烯酸（Eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA）及二十二碳六烯酸（Docosahexaenoic acid, DHA）屬於ω-3脂肪酸，近年來許多研究指出EPA及DHA對於孕婦之生理狀況、產婦乳汁組成、產後身心健康、及新生兒成長，或降低血脂及預防冠心病，都有正面的影響。本研究目的在探討產婦補充魚肉及湯後，對於血液脂質變化、生化數值及發炎相關激素變化的影響，同時也檢測母乳中脂肪酸組成及含量，以瞭解產婦攝食狀況對乳汁成分的影響。本實驗經人體試驗委員會同意執行，於台北醫學大學附設醫院婦產科招募受試者，總計二十四位健康哺乳婦女於產後一個月內，連續14天每日補充一次固定份量之魚肉及湯，每份量含有60 g魚肉及100 g魚湯，可提供2.59 g DHA及0.27 g EPA。在受試者補充前、連續補充14天後、停止補充14天後，分別收集10 ml血液及20 ml乳汁，測量其EPA、DHA含量、生化數值及血脂組成，以比較個體本身於實驗介入前後的差異。
結果顯示受試者在未補充魚湯包前血液中EPA百分比濃度為0.5 ± 0.4 % ，連續攝取14天後，血液中EPA百分比濃度顯著上升為1.3 ± 0.7 % (p <0.05)，停止補充魚湯包後，也顯著高於未補充魚湯包時血液中EPA百分比濃度 (0.7 ± 0.5 %, p <0.05)。而未補充魚湯包前母乳中EPA百分比濃度為0.1 ± 0.1 %，連續攝取14天後，母乳中EPA百分比濃度顯著上升為0.4 ± 0.2 % (p <0.05)，而母乳中DHA百分比濃度在未補充魚湯包前0.7 ± 0.2 % ，連續攝取14天後，DHA百分比濃度也顯著上升為1.7 ± 0.7 % (p < 0.05)，同樣地，血液中DHA百分比濃度在未補充魚湯包前為2.5 ± 0.9 %，連續攝取14天後，血液中DHA百分比濃度也顯著上升為3.5 ± 1.6 % (p <0.05)。在血脂質方面，未補充魚湯包前血液中三酸甘油酯為140.9 ± 104.5 mg/dL，連續攝取14天後，血液中三酸甘油酯顯著下降為65.56 ± 29.69 mg/dL (p < 0.05)。在C-反應蛋白方面，在未補充魚湯包前濃度為1.25 ± 1.25，連續攝取14天後其濃度顯著降低為0.12 ± 0.12 (p < 0.05)。於攝取魚湯包前後之生理功能比較，其產婦之腎功能、肝功能及血糖值以及血液常規方面檢查皆無任何影響。
本實驗結果指出每日適量補充魚肉及湯可提高哺乳婦女血液及乳汁中EPA及DHA濃度，且有助於產後降低血液中三酸甘油酯。綜合本實驗結果，補充魚湯包對於哺乳婦女本身以及吸吮乳汁的嬰兒而言都具有正面效益。經飲食問卷分析亦顯示參與本實驗的多數哺乳婦女，攝取較少富含ω-3脂肪酸的飲食，補充魚製品有助於提升其ω-3脂肪酸攝取量。

關鍵字

二十碳五烯酸；二十二碳六烯酸；三酸甘油酯；母乳

並列摘要

Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are critical for pregnant women, breast-feeding women and infant. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are also helpful to reduce the risk of coronary disease and lower blood lipids. The objective of study is to evaluate the effect of fish meat and soup supplement on blood lipids, inflammatory cytokine and fatty acid composition of breast milk in the breast-feeding women. It has known that DHA and EPA are present in breast milk, but the amounts vary considerably and are largely dependent on maternal diet. Twenty-four healthy breast-feeding women were recruited from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Taipei Medical University Hospital. Each subject intakes one package of fish soup supplement during postpartum for continuous 14 days. There is 60 g fish meat and 100 g fish soup each package, including 2.59 g DHA and 0.27 g EPA. They intakes the fish soup supplement for 14 days and then stop to supply for another 14 days. We compared the differences in blood lipid profile, complete blood count, and fatty acid composition from 10 ml blood and 20 ml breast milk at 0, 14 and 28 days of consuming fish soup supplement.
The concentrations of EPA and DHA in blood and breast milk were significantly increased after consuming fish soup supplement. The level of EPA in blood was 0.5 ± 0.4 % at 0 day, 1.3 ± 0.7 % at 14 day (p <0.05) and 0.7 ± 0.5 % at 28 day (p <0.05). The level of EPA in breast milk was 0.1 ± 0.1 % at 0 day and 0.4 ± 0.2 % at 14 day (p <0.05). The DHA content in breast milk was 0.7 ± 0.2 % at 0 day and 1.7 ± 0.7 % at 14 day (p <0.05). The DHA content in blood was 2.5 ± 0.9 % at 0 day and 3.5 ± 1.6 % at 14 day (p <0.05). The triglyceride (TG) and c-reactive protein (CRP) were decreased significantly after consuming fish soup supplement. The concentration of TG was 140.9 ± 104.5 mg/dL at 0 day and 65.56 ± 29.69 mg/dL at 14 day (p <0.05). The data of CRP was 1.25 ± 1.25 mg/dL at 0 day and 0.12 ± 0.12 mg/dL at 14 day (p <0.05). Weather the subjects ate the fish soup supplement or not, it was normal about the kidney and liver function, blood sugar data and complete blood count examination.
Subjects had significantly higher levels of EPA and DHA in blood and breast after consuming fish soup supplement. It also clearly showed that level of blood TG was evidently decreased. According to the present study, it might be beneficial to intake fish soup supplement for breast-feeding women and infants. We also found that the most subjects in study are lack of ω-3 fatty acid diet.

並列關鍵字

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)；Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)；triglyceride (TG)；breast milk

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