- 學位論文
自閉症兒童家庭需求評估及影響需求相關因素分析
Assessing Family Needs in Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder and the Factors Affecting Needs
摘要
本研究的研究目的在測量自閉症兒童家庭及其他障礙兒童家庭在需求上的 差異，以及影響家庭需求的相關因素，以做為未來政策規劃及資源分配優先順序 的參考。本研究採問卷調查法，共發出250 份問卷，回收134 份，樣本回收率為 55%，最後有效樣本總數為130 份。本研究變項包含了兒童特質、復健醫療的利 用、家庭的社會人口學特質和家庭功能等變項。主要統計分析方法為描述性統 計、卡方檢定、t 檢定、ANOVA 及一般線性迴歸(GLM)。 研究發現，自閉症兒童家庭在專業需求、資訊需求、情感支持需求、服務需 求、社區網絡支持需求及參與照護等構面中，未獲得滿足的比例皆比其他障礙類 別兒童高，整體需求來說，自閉症兒童家庭整體需求未獲得滿足的比例是其他障 礙兒童的1.22 倍。在自閉症兒童家庭中，教育程度越高的家庭，需求越沒有獲 得滿足。在照護者身份部份，母親在整體需求上未獲得滿足的比例是父親的1.25 倍，是其他照護者的3.3 倍，顯示母親的需求較沒有獲得滿足。 本研究顯示自閉症兒童家庭的需求是多方面的，而且非常需要社會給予更多 的支持。在有限資源之下，要滿足不同家庭之各項需求，照護體系之設計需要結 合不同的資源，展現更大的彈性與創意。
並列摘要
The purposes of the present study were intended to investigate the diferences of family needs between children with Autism Specdrum Disoders (ASDs) and other types of disability, and to examine the factors affecting family needs. We sent out self-administered questionnaires to 250 families. One hundred and thirty-four responded and the response rate was 55%. The final valid sample size was 130. The dependent variable is the proportion of unmet important needs among the perceived important needs. Independent variables include children's characteristics, their utilization of rehabilitation services, socio-demographic characteristics of the family and family function. We analyzed the data with descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and a generalized linear model. The result of the analysis showed that families of children with ASDs had higher probability of unmet needs than those with other types of disability in health information, emotional support, instrumental support, professional support, community support network, and involvement with care. In turns of the overall need, families of children with ASDs appeared to experience greater risk for unmet need compared to families of children with other types of disability (RR = 1.22, 95%CI =2.12–5.62). Among those families of children with ASDs, the study found that mothers and parents with higer education had higher probability of unmet needs. This research demonstrated that the needs of families of children with ASDs are multi-dimensional and these families really need more support from the society. Given limited resources, the service delivery system should integrate different channels of resources and be more creative and flexible in meeting the needs of these families.