不同粒徑丹參的萃取物於C3H/He小鼠之馬兜鈴酸引起腎炎模型的藥效評估

The effects of extracts from different particle sizes of Salvia multiorrhiza on aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy in C3H/He Mice

邱資婷(Tzu-Ting Chiu)

指導教授 ： 陳世銘

臺北醫學大學/藥學院/藥學研究所/碩士(2011年)

摘要

馬兜鈴酸腎病變 ( aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy, AAN ) 在中草藥引起的腎病變中扮演重要的角色，目前許多學者正致力於尋找可有效延緩馬兜鈴酸所引起之慢性腎病變的治療藥物。本研究分別利用超微粉碎技術及傳統粉碎技術，備製兩種不同粒徑的丹參粉末，以掃描式電子顯微鏡及雷射粒徑分析儀進行粒徑分析，進一步以high performance liquid chromatographic method coupled with ultraviolet detection ( HPLC-UV )，針對其主要活性成分－丹參酮IIA ( tanshinone ⅡA ) 及丹參酚酸B ( salvianolic acid B ) 對丹參細粉的乙醇萃取物 ( fine-grained ethanolic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge，簡稱FE ) 或丹參粗粉的乙醇萃取物 ( coarse-grained ethanolic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge，簡稱CE ) 進行含量分析，藉由投予六週齡純系雄鼠C3H/He 3.0 μg/mL AA當飲用水連續服用56天後，於治療組分別經口投予FE或CE各300 mg/kg、600 mg/kg及1200 mg/kg連續14天，對照組投予等量蒸餾水，而normal組則全程給予蒸餾水。藉由測定尿蛋白、尿中N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase ( NAG )、血中blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) 及serum creatinine ( Scr ) 以評估小鼠腎功能；腎組織使用PAS染色觀察病理組織改變，並進行免疫螢光染色 ( TGF-β, HGF, MMP-9 ) 以辨識損傷部位之特異性抗原。
粒徑分析結果顯示丹參平均細粉粒徑為3 μm，粗粉為600μm，含量分析的結果顯示，FE與CE兩者間僅丹參酚酸B含量有顯著差異。所有治療組的小鼠體重皆有增加，而尿蛋白、NAG、BUN、Scr值皆有降低；組織學及免疫螢光染色觀察發現腎組織損傷的情形亦有緩解。整體而言，FE與CE皆能改善AA所造成的腎損傷，推測除了丹參酮IIA及丹參酚酸B，建議日後研究應針對丹參對於AAN的作用機轉與其療效成分作更深入地探討。

關鍵字

馬兜鈴酸腎病變 ； 丹參 ； 丹參酮IIA ； 丹參酚酸B

並列摘要

Aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy ( AAN ) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in Chinese herbs nephropathy. Presently, many scientists are attended to looking for a drug which can successfully improve AA-induced chronic kidney disease. In the study, we prepared the different particle sizes of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge ( Danshen ) by using the superfine pulverizing technology and traditional grinding methods, the scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) and nano-piratical size analyzer were used to evaluate the particle size of the Danshen. Furthermore, to quantitatively determine the content of tanshinone IIA ( TS IIA ) and salvianolic acid B ( SAL B ) by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection ( HPLC-UV ) in fine-grained ethanolic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge ( FE ) and coarse-grained ethanolic extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge ( CE ). AA was dissolved in distilled water ( 3 μg/ml ) as drinking water to C3H/He mice ( 6 week-old male ) for 56 days. The treatment groups were administered orally with either FE or CE ( 300 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg ) per day for 14 days and following the induction of AAN in mice. The control group was administered with distilled water. The normal group was only administered with distilled water throughout the experiment. Urine protein ( UP ), urine N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase ( NAG ), blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) and serum creatinine ( Scr ) were determined to evaluate renal function. Renal tissues were subjected to histological examination ( PAS stain and immunofluorescence ). The antibodies, including TGF-β ( transforming growth factor-β ), HGF ( hepatocyte growth factor ), and MMP-9 ( matrix metalloproteinase-9 ), were chosen to recognize the specific antigens in the injury sites.
The particle sizes of FE and CE are 3 μm and 600 μm, respectively. Based on quantitative analysis, FE and CE revealed significant difference only in SAL B. Compared to the control group, the body weight increased and UP, NAG, BUN and Scr were decreased in all the treatment groups. Moreover, the treatment groups ameliorated AA-induced renal morphological damage, decreased staining intensity of TGF-β and MMP-9 and increased intensity of and HGF within the injury tissues. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that both Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts can beneficially improve the renal outcomes of AAN. With no doubt, further studies are necessary to confirm the mechanisms and explore the reno-protective effects of active components of Salvia miltiorrhiza with AAN mice model.

並列關鍵字

Aristolochic acid nephropathy ( AAN ) ； Danshen ； tanshinone IIA ( TS IIA ) ； salvianolic acid B ( SAL B )

參考文獻

81. 行政院衛生署中華藥典中藥集編修小組。台灣傳統藥典。2004。

1. Vanherweghem JL, Depierreux M, Tielemans C, Abramowicz D, Dratwa M, Jadoul M, Richard C, Vandervelde D, Verbeelen D, Vanhaelen-Fastre R, Jadoul M. Rapidly progressive interstitial renal fibrosis in young women : association with slimming regimen including Chinese herbs. Lancet 341, 387-91 ( 1993 ).

2. Arlt VM, Stiborova M, Schmeiser HH. Aristolochic acid as a probable human cancer hazard in herbal remedies : a review. Mutagenesis 17, 265-77 ( 2002 ).

4. Shaohua Z, Ananda S, Ruxia Y, Liang R, Xiaorui C, Liang L. Fatal renal failure due to the Chinese herb "GuanMu Tong" ( Aristolochia manshuriensis ) : autopsy findings and review of literature. Forensic Sci Int 199, e5-7 ( 2010 ).

5. Veenstra DL, Best JH, Hornberger J, Sullivan SD, Hricik DE. Incidence and cost of steroid side effects after renal transplantation. Transplant Proc 31, 301-2 ( 1999 ).