企業健康文化指數與健康生產力減損之相關性

隨人口老化，國內的勞動力也將步入高齡化，而伴隨之醫療支出亦迅速被帶動。從歷史經驗來看，人們總傾向於努力地降低醫療上的成本，但有越來越多的研究顯示，因健康所間接引發之相關生產力減損，對企業而言，遠遠超過醫療上的直接損失。傳統的職場健康促進，過度強調對員工個人健康的影響，這使得它的普世價值，無法獲得更多經營階層的認同。組織之支持環境與企業健康文化，對員工健康與企業生產力應有正面影響，但卻極少相關研究。因此，本研究將探討企業健康文化與健康生產力減損之關係，期能提供企業支持健康促進的有力證據。本研究於2012年2月∼5月間，立意選取六家企業作為研究對象，分別對每家企業之健康促進推動人員進行訪談及填寫雇主問卷，收集各企業之健康文化與健康職場推動現況；並於每家職場抽取部分員工進行自填式個人問卷調查，問卷內容包括人口學、身心健康狀態、健康行為、工作表現及出席狀態、工作環境氛圍、工作壓力與工作滿意度等資料。共發出1000份個人問卷，回收有效問卷772份，研究結果如下：一、研究推算之健康生產力減損，六企業平均每人之減損值為4.25±7.08小時/月，企業間的差異具統計顯著性。二、企業健康文化指數平均為＋0.56分，即工作滿意度大於工作壓力，顯示各樣本企業之員工普遍感受到正向的工作氛圍。三、個人健康狀態方面，六家企業之受訪員工，其一年內之主觀健康抱怨總數平均為1.65±1.89個，企業間無顯著差異；慢性病數平均為0.51±0.81個，年齡偏高企業有較高的慢性病數。四、調整人口學變項及取對數修正健康生產力減損的偏態後，企業健康文化指數對於健康生產力減損為不顯著的負相關；進一步探討其次面向指數，結果顯示，工作壓力指數為主要影響因子，且與健康生產力減損有顯著正相關。本研究支持企業健康文化會同時影響個人健康狀態與健康生產力減損。建議未來之研究，可進行縱貫性研究，以進一步確立其因果關係。

關鍵字

企業健康文化指數； SSOS ； SSIX ；健康生產力減損；減效出席；因病缺席

並列摘要

The labor force is aging with population in Taiwan and the cost of annual medical expenditure is getting higher. People always focus on the issue of reducing the medical expenses. But more and more researches have shown that productivity loss caused by healthy problems is much higher than the direct medical loss. The traditional Workplace Health Promotion(WHP) is over focusing on the individual health of employees which is not able to aware the importance and profits of WHP by the C-Level Executives. In the view of organizational support and culture will affect the employees’ health and productivity, however lack of enough studies supported. The purposes of this study were to clarify the relationship between “Health Culture” and “Productivity”, and provide an evidence for employers to support workplace health promotion. This study was conducted in February to May 2012 , 6 enterprises were selected as target samples. The informations of organizational environment and culture in each enterprise were collected through field visit and key person interview. 772 volunteer employees in these enterprises joined in this study and a self administrated questionnaire was used to collect personal data. The contents of the questionnaire include demographic characteristics, health status, health behavior, work performance and attendance situation, working atmosphere, job stress and job satisfaction. The results are as following: 1.The average of Health-Related Productivity Loss (HRPL) is 4.25±7.08 hours/month , and it has statistically significant differences among the six worksites. 2.The average score of Business Health Culture Index(BHCI) is +0.56, showing the employees slightly more satisfaction than stress at work. 3.The average of subjective health complaints are 1.65±1.89,and the average of chronic disease number is 0.51±0.81. 4.Adjusting the demographic variables and skewness of HRPL, a non-significant negative relationship between BHCI and HRPL was shown. However, there is a significant positive correlation between job stress( a sub-index of BHCI) and HRPL , it seems that job stress is a main factor of BHCI.

並列關鍵字

Business Health Culture Index ； SSOS ； SSIX ； Health-Related Productivity Loss ； Presenteeism ； Absenteeism

參考文獻

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企業健康文化指數與健康生產力減損之相關性

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