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  • 學位論文

四級鹽類在薄膜萃取器之質傳行為

Mass-Transfer Behavior of Quaternary Salts in Membrane Extractor

指導教授 : 吳和生
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摘要


本文主要是討論四級鹽類在薄膜萃取器的質傳行為,分別測定各種萃取條件下之總質傳係數、萃取速率、擴散係數和萃取活化能等。其探討之變因有觸媒量、溫度、不同有機溶劑的影響及轉速變化等,期能藉由實驗數據來分析相間轉移觸媒在油、水兩相的質傳現象,提供了解相間轉移觸媒催化技術合成有機化合物的化學反應之催化系統的各種現象。因此對於相間轉移觸媒在兩相之數學模式的建立是重要,本文即針對相間轉移觸媒在兩相系統中利用薄膜萃取器測量在不同觸媒種類其在水油兩相之質傳行為,利用觸媒在水油兩相之質傳行為可求得質傳係數、萃取係數、萃取活化能、擴散係數,藉由這些數據的建立又可求得質傳係數與無因次群的關係。 由實驗結果可知 (1)當使用不同的薄膜會造成不同的質傳係數與萃取速率,兩相質傳 的行為主要還是受到有無薄膜的影響。三者影響無薄膜>親油 膜>親水膜。 (2)在不同溶劑影響以極性越大則質傳係數與萃取係數越大,實驗所 使用溶劑以氯仿>二氯乙烷>氯苯。 (3) 對於個別質傳係數可得以下幾點結論 (a)在有薄膜系統其內部個別質傳係數以水相層(ka)>油相層(ko)> 薄膜層(km)。 (b) 實驗顯示之km值會隨著攪拌速率增加而緩緩增加,而當 轉速大於200 (km=K0),質傳完全由薄膜相所控制。 (c) 無薄膜系統則為 ka>ko , 對於無薄膜系統其質傳由有機相所 控制。

並列摘要


In this study, the mass transfer behavior of quaternary salt in membrane-based permeation stirred cell was investigated. We can determine the kinetic parameters included overall mass-transfer coefficient、extraction rate、diffusion、activation energy of ion transfer and individual mass transfer coefficient of quaternary salt. The factors considered were:temperature of reaction、agitation rate、kinds of catalysts、kinds of organic solvent and amount of catalyst. Because the is modeling of phase-transfer catalysis between organic and aqueous phase crucial in promoting the reaction rate in a phase-transfer catalyzed reaction, the objective of this study aim to understand the phenomenon of mass transfer of the phase-transfer catalysts between organic and aqueous phase. Were expressed in the following: (1)No matte in the presence ( or absence ) of membrane ,the mass transfer of quaternary salt between two-phase was influenced by the resistance of membrane layer. The order of mass-transfer rate for membrane is no membrane>lipophilic membrane>hydrophilic membrane (2)The mass-transfer coefficient and the extraction rate increased when the polarity of the organic solvent increased, the sequence (CHCl3>1,2C2H4Cl2>C6H5Cl) (3)The individual mass-transfer coefficient between both phase is ka (aqueous phase) >> ko (organic phase) >> km (membrane layer), km-value was increase with increasing agitation rate , when the agitation rate was than 200 rpm , the mass-transfer resistance was mainly controlled by the membrane layer (km). In the absence of membrane system the mass-transfer resistance of quaternary salts was mainly influeaced by the mass-transfer of quaternary salts in the organic phase.

參考文獻


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