台灣原住民族傳統文化與智慧財產權之研究

STUDY ON THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE AND THE INTELLECTUAL PEOPERTY RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN TAIWAN

李芙蓉(Fu-Jung Lee)

指導教授 ： 王 德 育 ； 徐 水 仙

元智大學/人文社會學院/藝術管理研究所/碩士(2004年)

摘要

智慧財產權是為保障所有藉由一定形式之表現的人類心智創作而賦予創作者法律保護的權利，其所規範的客體均以保護私人或個人的權利為限。但在現行智慧財產權法下，原住民族的集體所有或公共所有的傳統智慧或智慧財產卻難以受到保護，以致易於產生侵害或濫用的事實。因此，在訂定符合台灣原住民族智慧財產權的法律機制時，須先瞭解台灣原住民族傳統文化的本質，並瞭解國際公約或各國政策相關保護現況與限制，冀能訂定完備的法律機制，以落實保護與延續原住民族傳統智慧或智慧財產之目標。
本研究本文分為兩部，第一部從社會組織與親屬組織、歲時祭儀、生命禮俗以及民俗創作思維等方面，來瞭解台灣原住民族口述相傳之傳統文化的本質與內涵，以及台灣原住民族公共所有之傳統文化的彼此關聯，同時，藉由傳統智慧或智慧財產之民俗創作，以呈現原住民傳統文化的表徵與思維。由於台灣原住民族傳統文化遭受外來文化之衝擊影響，致使原住民族傳統智慧或智慧財產發生侵害或流失的現象，原住民族文化正面臨著保存與延續的考驗。因此，透過對台灣原住民族傳統文化本質之瞭解，在訂定台灣原住民族智慧財產權法律機制時，才能以文化整體面向為考量。
本研究第二部為研究台灣原住民族智慧財產權，探討國際間、加拿大與澳洲兩國原住民族關於原住民族智慧財產權的保護現況，藉此瞭解各條款施行之現況與限制，以作為保護台灣原住民族智慧財產權之參考。同時，從台灣原住民族歷史脈絡下初步瞭解保障台灣原住民族權利所制定法律機制，探討台灣現行有關原住民族智慧財產權的法規可能面臨的限制，並透過比較我國現行智慧財產權的法律機制、非原住民族智慧財產的觀念等差異，以及原住民族智慧財產被侵害的案例討論，評析台灣原住民族智慧財產權的法律機制，從而透視其文化保存與發展所面臨的重要課題以及因應之道。
本研究希冀訂定保護原住民族傳統與發展創新的文化法規或法律機制時，能思考國際間或各國保護原住民族智慧財產權的現況與課題，從文化整體的角度切入，在現行智慧財產權的法律機制中，為原住民族傳統智慧或智慧財產尋找適切的保護管道，使過去、現在與未來的原住民族傳統智慧或智慧財產均能落實保存與創新的目標。

關鍵字

原住民 ； 傳統文化 ； 智慧財產 ； 傳統智慧 ； 象徵 ； 法律機制

並列摘要

The Intellectual Property Rights is to protect the creations of human spirit produced in certain forms with the legal rights of protection endowed to the creators. The objects protected are within the limitation of private or individual rights. Under the current regulations of Intellectual Property Rights, the traditional intellect or intellectual property collectively or publicly shared by all indigenous peoples are hardly protected, and vulnerable to the infringement and abuse. Therefore, prior to establishing the system of intellectual property rights fit for indigenous peoples, we should understand the nature of the traditional culture of indigenous peoples in Taiwan as well as the current situation and restriction of the related protection regulations enacted by international covenants or individual countries, in the hope of instituting a law suitable for the protection and continuation of the traditional intellect and intellectual property of our indigenous peoples.
This study is divided into two parts. The first part is to comprehend the nature and essence of the traditional culture passed on by the narration of indigenous peoples as well as the correlation of traditional culture owned by all indigenous peoples from the aspects of social structure, relatives organization, annual services of offering sacrifices, ceremonies for life and folk creations, and, in the meantime, to introduce the symbols and thoughts of traditional culture of indigenous peoples through the folk creation involved with traditional intellect or intellectual property. Owing to the impact of outside culture, the indigenous peoples in Taiwan have been suffering from the infringement and loss of traditional intellect or intellectual property, and their cultural continuation and conservation are at stake. Therefore, to understand the nature of traditional culture of indigenous peoples in Taiwan can aid to institute a system of Intellectual Property of Indigenous Peoples based on cultural dimensions.
The second part is to explore the protection of intellectual property of indigenous peoples practiced internationally as well as in Canada and Australia, which provides examples for initiating the Intellectual Property of Indigenous Peoples in Taiwan. Meanwhile, the author also examines the restrictions confronting the current regulations of intellectual property of indigenous peoples in Taiwan from the perspective of historical context, and analyzes the legal system of intellectual property concerning indigenous peoples in Taiwan by comparing the present legal organizations of intellectual property of our nation and the conceptual difference of intellectual property of none-indigenous peoples, as well as discussing the infringement cases of the intellectual property of indigenous peoples. The author hopes to discern the major issues and find ways capable of accommodating conservation and development of traditional culture of indigenous peoples in Taiwan.
In sum, this study tries to find out an adequate approach of protecting the traditional intellect or intellectual property of indigenous people by examining and comparing the international regulations affiliated with the establishment of the legal systems of protecting the folk tradition and developing creative culture, and meet the demand of conservation and creation of traditional intellect or intellectual property of indigenous peoples of the past, present and future.

並列關鍵字

indigenous peoples ； the traditional culture ； the intellectual property ； the traditional intellect ； symbol ； the legal system

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