Spa工作者之身心勞動與社會流動

The body and mental labor and the social mobility of Spa workers

劉珏吟(Chueh-Yin Liu)

指導教授 ： 潘美玲

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊社會學研究所/碩士(2005年)

摘要

本研究以Spa工作者身心勞動的形塑與社會流動的機制為主題，首先說明Spa工作者的身心勞動區分為身體勞動與情緒勞動兩個面向，面對勞動過程的控制，必須達到標準作業流程，表現專業形象，對於勞動身體的剝削，為求工作績效，縱使手部耗盡與體力不濟也只能接受，而與顧客互動的情緒勞動只能表現出正向的表層表演與深層表演，抑制負向的情緒。
其次提到其受雇生涯的勞動體制則以Burawoy的生產政治理論為主軸，業者運用生產的政治性規範工具，包括層級組織、薪資體系、內部勞動市場和內部國家等工具的運用，使Spa工作者在這些控制機制下，呈現出經濟剝削與政治、意識型態的共識效果，勞動者與業者在計件制的「趕工遊戲」中產生某種程度的「共識」，帶來「志願性順服」的政治效果。
縱然業者是形塑她們勞動的關鍵，不過社會流動機制替Spa工作者開創另一條路，依據研究結果分為三條路徑：（1）留在內部勞動市場、（2）業間流動、（3）自行創業。社會流動所提供的管道，看似讓受雇者將未來掌握在自己手中，減輕他人對自己命運的操縱。然而卻是業者以「黑手變頭家」的前景來懷柔勞動者而產生共識的作用，不但無助於勞動者的階級形成，反而有再製既有體制的共識效果。

關鍵字

Spa工作者 ； 身心勞動 ； 志願性順服 ； 社會流動

並列摘要

This research is focused on the body and mental labor, and the social mobility of Spa workers. Firstly, the research illustrates body and mental labor of Spa workers in two ways. One is Physical labor and the rest is Emotional labor. While facing the control of labor process, Spa workers must achieve the standard operation procedure to show their professional. In order to achieve the working performance, Spa workers have to accept the exploiting of physical labor such as the exhausting of hand and body strength. Otherwise, Spa workers should provide the positive surface acting and positive deep acting, as well as control their negative emotion when they interact with customers.
Secondly, the research uses the theory of the Politics of Production from Burawoy to discuss the system of labor of Spa workers. The employers use the political apparatus of production such as hierarchy, wage system, inner labor market, and system of bargaining to let Spa workers under control and producing the consentaneous effect from economical exploiting, politics and ideology. Under the game of making out of piece-rate, the employers and Spa workers will reach the consent, and bring out the effect of voluntary servitude.
Although the employers are the key to shape the labor of Spa workers, expectation of social mobility helps those Spa workers to create other ways out. According to the research, there are three ways out for Spa workers: 1. promotion in the internal labor market; 2. shifting jobs to other company in the same industry; 3. become one's own boss, eg. self-employment. Social mobility seems like to create the way out to help employees to control their future and to reduce the manipulation from others. However, from workers to bosses is only a dream provided by employers to attract the employees to produce the consentaneous effect. This is not only unhelpful to form the class consciousness of workers, but also reproduce the capitalist system that has exploited them.

並列關鍵字

Spa worker ； body and mental labor ； voluntary servitude ； social mobility

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