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  • 學位論文

企業潛在財務危機之研究-以台灣上市上櫃電子公司為例

A Study of Potential Financial Distress of Publicly Traded Firms: The Case of Electronic Industry in Taiwan

指導教授 : 鍾彩焱
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摘要


摘要 本研究係以2004年發生財務危機公司(博達、訊碟、皇統、衛道)為主要研究對象。資料涵蓋期間為民國90年至民國92年,共計3年。首先蒐集樣本公司及其所屬產業財務資料,計算分析其z值是否較同產業為低,是否符合Altman的z值;其次以財務比率趨勢分析法觀察其獲利能力、經營績效及營業現金流量,是否足以支應其資本支出;最後綜合前述資料對本研究作出結論與建議。 本研究主要目的在於:(1)以財務報表資訊,用簡單的分析方法來選擇投資標的;(2) 以Altman的z分數計算是否能在企業財務危機發生前三年就可發現其潛在的財務危機;(3)投資人能利用資產負債表、損益表及現金流量表的相關的比率,提前發現企業潛在財務危機,避免重大損失發生。 本研究之實證結果顯示:(1)、利用z分數計算危機樣本公司及其所屬產業之z分數,其中只有軟體產業符合Altman的z值,而皇統科技在其產業中,顯著屬於財務危機公司。另計算產業平均z分數與樣本公司比較,四個產業的樣本公司顯示最少皆可在危機發生前一年度,就可發現企業潛在的財務危機;(2)在財務比率趨勢分析,四個產業的危機樣本公司之共通點,應收帳款回收天數皆顯示逐年增加之趨勢,顯示其應收款回收有疑慮,營業週期變長顯示其流動性變差,獲利率亦呈現逐年下滑之趨勢。營運現金明顯不足,卻還舉債融資擴充設備,導致現金週轉不靈,從這些重要的財務指標,可發現企業潛在財務危機之端倪。 研究結論(1)投資人要特別留意,應收帳款之收款天數是否穩定並比較 三至五年的趨勢,作為投資的參考。(2)負債比率呈現的趨勢是逐年增加的 情形,代表公司的財務槓桿依賴程度越高,對投資人而言,風險相對較大。(3)營運活動所產生的現金,此項現金品質是最好的,表示公司自發性資金越充裕。而舉債、融資所產生之現金,對企業而言,是要付出較高成本的。 關鍵字:財務危機、z分數、財務比率趨勢、自發性資金

並列摘要


ABSTRACT This study examines four notable cases where once regarded as glamorous companies defaulted and caused substantial losses to investors. Financial data of the sample firms and all firms in the industries to which these firms belong over the period from 2001 through 2004 were collected to examine Altman Z score, profitability, operating efficiency, and cash flows from operations. The purpose of the study includes: (1) whether investors can use simple financial statement analysis to avoid investing in firms that may default in the near future, (2) whether Altman Z can assist investors to predict potential financial distress three years before it occurs, and (3) whether investors can use ratios from balance sheet, income statement and the statement of cash flows to predict financial distress so that they can avoid material losses. The results include: (1) only firms in software industry have normal Altman Z scores and the case firm Hwang-Tung’s Z score was significantly lower than other firms in the industry; when comparing financially distressed firm’s Z score with respective industry average, case firms’ Z scores were significantly lower than industry average at least one year before the news of default broke out; (2) all case firms show that the number of days of accounts receivable increased over the study period, indicating that the accounts became increasingly uncollectible; increasing operating cycles indicating that the deteriorating liquidity; profitability also showed a declining trend. Case firms continued to borrow to finance capital expenditures, further depress the debt ratio. These indicators foreshadow financial distress firms. Conclusions are: first, investors should heed number of days of the accounts receivable outstanding; second, increasing debt ratio increases the level of financial risk; and finally, cash flows from operating activities are the best source for growth whereas cash flows from borrowing can be costly to a firm. Keywords: financial distress, z score, trend in financial ratios, cash flows from operating activities

參考文獻


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