- 學位論文
機車污染排放管制研究與分析
Research and Evaluation on Motorbike Pollution Emission Control Program
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摘要
本研究係使用(ECE15)冷車測試程序，測試機車排放污染值，比較(ECE40)暖車測試程序之測試結果，同時並配合機車定檢，用濾紙採取機車所排放之粒狀污染物，分析所含Pb、Cu濃度之分布情形。 本研究選取14輛符合第三期排放標準機車，測試比較(ECE15)冷車測試程及ECE40)暖車測試程序之間排放污染情形，測試是在車體動力計上進行。經14輛機車測試結果使用(ECE15)冷車測試程序，測得之排放污染濃度值均比(ECE40)暖車測試程序為高，使用(ECE15)測試結果CO濃度污染值約為暖車測試之1.8至2.11倍，而HC濃度污染值為2.16至3.21倍。另在進行機車排放之粒狀污染物，分析所含Pb、Cu濃度情形，係配合機車定期檢驗檢測機車惰轉狀態CO、HC濃度時，採用過濾粒狀污染物之濾紙，再將濾紙送到實驗室分析所含Pb、Cu濃度，檢驗係使用石墨式原子吸收光譜儀(VARIAN SPECTRA AA-300)分析所含Pb、Cu濃度。總計於87年9月、88年1月及2月期間，於台北市機車定期檢驗站，檢驗測試344輛機車並採取32個含有排放粒狀污染物之濾紙樣品，經分析所含重金屬Pb、Cu濃度結果分別為Pb濃度為0.012至2.179mg/l之間。Cu濃度為0.028至1.362 mg/l之間。 綜合本研究之結果顯示，採用暖車測試程序測得之排放污染物濃度偏低，故我國機車排放標準規定之污染排放測試程序，有檢討之必要。另機車排放粒狀污染物中，含有重金屬Pb、Cu等，由於在都會區民眾直接暴露於污染環境中應值得重視。政府應增加調查其他重金屬之含量，以配合新修訂之空氣污染防制法中對交通工具使用之油品管制，以達到保護人體健康之目標。
關鍵字
無並列摘要
This study is related to the application of cold start test procedure (ECE 15) on the measurement of motorcycle emission, and the comparison of results thus obtained with those of warm start test procedure (ECE 40). It is also related to the use of filter paper to sample particulate pollutants emitted by motorcycles, and the analysis of the concentration distributions of lead and copper contained therein. This study sampled 14 motorcycles which met the third-stage emission standards. Tests were conducted on chassis dynamometer to compare the emission measured with cold start test procedure (ECE 15) and with warm start test procedure (ECE 40). In all 14 motorcycles, levels of pollutants measured with cold start test procedure (ECE 15) were higher than those with warm start test procedure (ECE 40), with CO concentration 1.8 to 2.11 times and HC concentration 2.16 to 3.21 times higher. Analysis of lead and copper concentrations of particulate pollutants was conducted during the periodic check-up of CO and HC levels at idle state. Filter paper, capable of filtering out particulate pollutants, was used for sampling and then analyzed for lead and copper concentrations with Graphite Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (VARIAN SPECTRA AA-300). In September 1998, and January and February 1999, motorcycle periodic check-up stations in Taipei inspected a total of 344 motorcycles and collected 32 filter paper samples. The results indicated that lead concentration was in the range of 0.012 to 2.179 mg/liter, and copper concentration was in the range of 0.028 to 1.326 mg/liter. These results indicated that "the emission concentrations (CO and HC) measured by the warm start test procedure tend to be lower than those measured by the cold start test procedure." In light of the results, there is a need to review the emission test procedures specified in the motorcycle emission standards in Taiwan. In addition, the results showed the presence of heavy metals, such as lead and copper, in the particulate pollutants emitted by motorcycles. This issue warrants special attention especially in urban areas, where people are directly exposed to pollution. It is recommended that the government should further study for the possible presence of other heavy metals and implement the regulations governing fuels consumed in transportation based on the newly amended Air Pollution Control Act to protect human health.
並列關鍵字
HASH(0xd101f78)參考文獻
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