陰離子對四級銨化樹脂之離子交換和吸附現象

Ion-Exchange and Adsorption of Quaternary Ammonium Resin for Anion

王志達(Chih-Ta Wang)

指導教授 ： 吳和生

元智大學/工程學院/化學工程與材料科學學系/碩士(1997年)

摘要

相間轉移觸媒催化技術可使兩相反應在溫和的條件下進行，使得反應速率加快，此催化技術已被廣泛應用於各類型的有機反應中，但是卻存在著產物分離與觸媒回收再生利用等問題，是一直必須去克服的。因此，固態相間轉移觸媒應用於續流反應器的研究漸受重視，其中又以離子交換樹脂最常被使用。

本文乃將含四級銨離子之樹脂固定在柱狀反應器進行離子交換，討論系統中各個變因對離子交換的影響，計有進料液流速的大小、操作溫度、離子濃度、離子種類以及樹脂種類等變因。在不同的變因下進行管柱操作，針對不同的變因，計算其貫穿函數的各個參數，並且觀察其貫穿容量、飽和容量、最初交換速率、平均交換速率以及平均移除率之間的變化情形，並且討論其結果，以做為進行液－固－液三相反應之依據。

經由實驗結果得知，其貫穿函數相當符合實驗的數據，可了解貫穿曲線在不同變因下的趨勢。當離子濃度越高､溫度越低以及操作流速越快時，均使得貫穿點與飽和點越往前移；而飽和容量､總交換容量以及最初交換速率均隨進料濃度､操作溫度與流速的增加而增加，因此本系統為薄膜擴散控制。對於不同進料液，離子交換樹脂對其選擇性的大小影響樹脂對進料的交換容量，並且四級銨化樹脂的交聯度越小､環取代數越大時，能有較大的離子交換量。

關鍵字

離子交換 ； 貫穿曲線

並列摘要

Two-phase reaction can proceed under mild reaction condition by phase-transfer catalysis. The phase-transfer catalysis has been used on various synthesis of organic reaction. However, the product separation and the recycling of catalysis remain existing problems need solutions. Thus, the application of phase-transfer catalysis between solid phase has been used more and more for the continuous flow reactors. The ion-exchange resin is the most adopted one.
This study covers the ion-exchange process through the placement of the resin of quaternary ammonium ion in a cylindric reactor and the influence of individual variances in the system on the ion exchange, which are the inflow velocity of liquid, the operating temperature, the ion concentration, the types of ion and the types of resin. The experiments were implemented through the process of cylindric reactor at a number of variances. The study includes the calculation of the factors of break through function and the observation of break through capacity, saturation capacity, initial rate of exchange, average rate of exchange and average rate of removal. Conclusions are employed as a basis of liquid-solid-liquid triphase reaction.
The experiments explain the break through function matches relatively the experimental data. The break through curve can describe the trend of various factors. Whlie the ion concentration is high, the temperature is low and the flow velocity of process is fast, it moves the break through point and the saturation point forward. The saturation capacity, total exchange capacity and initial exchange rate increase, when the concentration of inflow, the operating temperature and the velocity of inflow increase. Thus, the system is a film diffusion control. The degree of the selectivity of ion-exchange resin to the inflow liquid influences the exchange capacity of resin to the inflow liquid. The lower the crosslink degree of the quaternary ammonium resin and the more the ring replacement are, the higher the ion exchange capacity can reach.

並列關鍵字

ion-exchange ； break through curve

參考文獻

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