摘要
臺灣的兒童視覺藝術教育，尚處於改善與待發展階段，無論是學校的正式教育，或其他非正式教育（博物館等社教機構、坊間才藝班），均缺乏正視兒童特質與需求，以致藝術教育的效能不彰。因此，本研究欲針對國內之不足，並參酌國外的成功案例，提出為臺灣建構一座兒童美術館，期能為兒童營造一種「親身體驗」與「寓教於樂」的優質藝術環境，以輔助學校的視覺藝術教育，進而拓展視覺藝術教育的新視野。 第一章探討台灣兒童美術館之組織與經營，規劃美術館之規模、組織及營運等。強調兒童美術館是一個具開創性以及充滿活力的中小型機構，著重教育的角色，並規劃有彈性的組織與運作。再者，借用企業以「顧客」為導向的信念，著重於滿足兒童觀眾之需求，不同於傳統美術館以「物」為重心。除此之外，經營方式轉換「營利收益」為「競爭力」，以利於兒童美術館更有效的運作及資源開發。第二章針對兒童的發展特質，參酌教育學、兒童認知心理學以及藝術心理學等理論，設計適合兒童的展覽模式，以及能夠激發兒童創造力，培養其美感的學習內容。根據兒童的一些特質（如以感官與肢體來探索環境，對世界充滿好奇，喜歡發問，想像力豐富，以及喜歡遊戲，活動力強，好以觸摸方式學習事物）。本研究指出「建構主義式教學」適用於兒童美術館的展覽模式，即是提供一個豐富且多元、適當又安全的學習環境，讓兒童能於此環境中，根據自己的興趣或其他個人因素，主動與環境中的資源產生互動，以收「由經驗中學習」、「從操作中學習」之效。第三章強調兒童美術館的教育角色與功能，並依據兒童的學習特質，從館內基本教育活動、家庭以及社區三方面，規劃配合兒童美術館展覽的教育活動類型與內容。 豐富而有創意的心靈與深邃的智慧才是人類真正進步的動力。歐美等先進國家，對於提昇人民的創造力，已經有了強烈的共識，且不約而同的認為必須從兒童時期就予以啟迪，並透過藝術教育來提昇創造力。有鑑於此，筆者希冀以本研究作為此類規劃之藍本，為台灣建構一座兒童美術館，提供兒童更多機會來探索生活環境中的人事景物，拓展視覺藝術之新視野，以培養兒童的創造力，俾使台灣於未來更能具有躍昇世界強國的競爭力。
並列摘要
Art education in Taiwan, admittedly, still allows some space for improvement and development. This situation is mainly resulted from the fact that the characteristics and needs of children have been long neglected, whether in the formal school education or in the informal education provided by museums or supplemental classes outside schools. Taken into consideration the circumstances and referring to some inspiring foreign examples, the author proposes to construct a Children’s Museum in Taiwan in anticipation of creating an arts environment that emphasizes “personal experience” and “enjoying education through play” on the part of children. The proposed museum is to assist the formal school education, which will expand the scope of visual arts education. In the first chapter, the major point lies in the structure and management of the proposed Children’s Museum, as well as planning on the scale, structure and operation system of the proposed museum. It is specified that the proposed Children’s Museum is an institution of small to medium size; however, it will be imbued with creativity and energy, to be operated with a flexible personnel structure and operation system. These characteristics will allow the proposed museum to play an educational role of special significance in Taiwan. Accordingly, instead of focusing on “objects” typical to the traditional museums, the Children’s Museum aims at meeting the needs of children; in other words, the proposed museum will operate around the idea of customer-orientation borrowed from enterprises. Besides, this museum will replace the conventional notion of “profit” with that of “competition” in management, with a view to help the museum operate more effectively and explore more sources. In the second chapter, some exhibitions appropriate to children are conceived to stimulate their creativity by investigating the developmental nature of children as well as referring to the theories related to the educational study, the cognitive psychology of children, and the art psychology. Based on the characteristics of children (such as to explore the environment with the senses and the body, being curious about the world, being fond of asking questions, being full of imagination, being fond of playing, and being active, etc.), this study decides that “the constructivist learning mode” is most suitable for the exhibition in a children’s museum. The constructivist learning mode provides an environment rich in variety, and full of comfort and safety for children to actively interplay with the materials in accordance with their personal interests or other reasons, thus attaining the educational goal of “learning from experience” and “learning via operation.” The third chapter stresses the educational role and the function of the Children’s Museum on the basis of the mental and physical characteristics of children. The author also designs the activities and contents not only in compliance with the exhibitions of the Children’s Museum but also in consideration of the museum’s educational role; also taken consideration are some basic needs of the families and the community. The human being’s progress lies in the creativity of mind as well as the depth of wisdom. In Europe and North America, there is a consensus that, to prompt the creativity of their people, it must begin with the enlightenment of children and through art education. Having this in mind, the author engages herself in this study to outline the project of a Children’s Museum in Taiwan. Its main purpose is to accommodate children with more adaptability in their lives, to broaden their vision of the visual arts, and to cultivate their creativity, so that our country may be better prepared to compete with the powerful nations in the world.
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