新型人工全膝關節之設計

Design of a New Total Knee Prosthesis

尹居中(Chu-Chung Yin)

指導教授 ： 徐業良

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2001年)

摘要

隨著生活物質條件的改善以及醫學的進步，人類平均壽命逐漸延長，但隨著年紀的增長，人的骨骼、關節往往會因為退化或長期使用導致磨損，而產生疼痛或無法提供良好的運動功能。當關節病變嚴重時，人工關節置換術可明顯解除疼痛並改善關節功能。
本計畫是一個典型的跨學科整合(interdisciplinary)研究計畫，結合醫師與工程人員，從解剖學、生物力學、機構學、機械設計、材料學等觀點，來探討全人工膝關節設計，主要目的便是希望設計出新一代的全人工膝關節，能夠產生更接近真實膝關節的運動模式，並且有更好的可靠性與強健性。
新型人工全膝關節特點在半月板設計成上凸狀，以利排除磨屑。股骨骨髁與半月板的接觸面採雙包絡線設計，無論膝關節是直立或是彎曲期間，均能維持最大接觸面積，降低接觸應力。
新型人工全膝關節可彎曲、伸展150度，其彎曲至150度時，股骨骨髁中心往anterior方向的位移為8.98mm、軸向旋轉角度為15.16度、A-P方向滑移為4.05mm、平行滑移滑移量為4mm，以及總裝配厚度為20.64mm，各項性能評估均滿足設計需求。且由於導引曲面的設計，膝關節彎曲至150度時，仍具有相當的穩定性。

關鍵字

人工膝關節 ； 膝關節置換術

並列摘要

This is an interdisciplinary research project in which surgeons and engineers investigate together the design of a total knee prostheses from various view points, including anatomy, biomechanics, kinematics, mechanical design, material. The purpose of this project is to design a reliable and robust total knee prostheses whose motion pattern is close to real knee.
The characteristic of the new total knee prosthesis is the shape of meniscus was be designed to protrude, it can eliminate particle that was been ground. The contact face of femur and meniscus was designed to dual inclusive line, it can make maximum contact face, reduce contact stress, when human standing or in the flexion and extension period.
The new total knee prosthesis can flexion and extension to 150 degrees, when it flexion to 150 degrees, the anterior direction displacement of femur center is 8.98mm, the amount of axis rotation is 15.16 degrees, the A-P displacement is 4.05mm, and the sidelong slides is 4mm. Due to the guide surface, the new total knee prosthesis have good stability when it produce relative motion.

並列關鍵字

total knee prostheses ； knee replacement

參考文獻

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