對於華人組織中與領導相關之研究,西方長久以來發展完備的各種領導理論及概念確實可以提供了相當多的助益及啟發,但若只是將西方發展出的理論或研究工具套用到華人組織身上並加以驗證,忽略了東西方社會及組織在文化上的差異,這樣的研究即可能仍停留在移轉性研究的階段,而對於發現及瞭解華人組織中許多關鍵且特殊的現象會顯得有所不足(樊景立、鄭伯壎,2000)。利用科學的概念,探討華人企業中特殊的領導方式的研究相對於西方對於組織領導的研究與發展已是相當近期的事,其中東方社會獨特的家長式領導風格概念之確立更開啟了華人組織主位研究的大門。本研究即以明顯具有華人色彩的家長式領導風格為前置變項,並對應到部屬的具體行為層面,討論華人組織中主管的家長式領導風格與部屬工作效能中組織公民行為這個指標間之關係,並以組織成員對其直屬主管的信任做為中介變項將研究架構中各變項逐一探討。 本研究之主要焦點在於華人組織中主管與部屬的互動關係討論,由研究結果可知,在組織中主管的領導行為的確會對部屬之主管信任程度及組織公民行為造成影響。在主管領導與部屬組織公民行為的議題,研究證實了家長式領導中,仁慈及德行領導對於部屬組織公民行為有正向影響效果,而威權領導則會帶來反向影響效果,不論是哪一種領導面向,對於部屬公民行為的影響都是顯著的,而這樣的結果也與西方有關於領導及組織公民行為的研究結果相符。對於部屬來說,對於主管領導方式的感受及主管信任的程度都對本身組織公民行為有間接及直接的影響,由分析結果瞭解信任在部屬從感受到主管領導風格到其表現出公民行為間的過程中扮演了中介角色這樣的概念可得到證實。本研究圍繞著主管領導與部屬行為的主軸,單純探討具有東方色彩的家長式領導及組織公民行為,雖可較為精準的瞭解華人組織中組織成員互動的情況,但對於東、西方領導方式對於部屬工作效能比較的部分則尚有不足,最後也提出未來研究建議以供參考,作為此研究之延伸。
As to the study related to leadership in Chinese organization, various leading theories and concepts that have completely developed in West for long certainly provide a lot of help and inspiration. However, cultural differences in societies and organization between the East and the West will be neglected if researchers apply the theories and research methods developed by the West to Chinese organization and try to attest. This kind of researches may tied in the stage of transferential research; critical points and particular situation in discovery and a lot of realization to Chinese organizations will seem deficient. This prepositive variety of this study is conspicuous Chinese paternalism. Correspondent to subordinates’ concrete behaviors, this study discuss the relationship between parternalist leading style in Chinese organizations and subordinate efficiency. The mediator variety is the members’ trusts in direct boss in organization, then this study examine the varieties in the structure step by step. This research mainly focuses on interactive relationship between masters and subordinates in Chinese organizations. According to the result of this research, masters’ leading behaviors certainly affect the trust in masters and organizational civil behaviors(OCBs) of subordinate. In this issue of masters’ leadership and subordinates’ OCBs, this research prove that in paternalism, leading with kindness and integrity positively influence efficiency of OCBs of subordinates and authoritative leading, however, result in negative efficiency. No matter what kind of leading styles, the effect to subordinates’ OCBs is obvious. This result corresponds with the studies about leading and OCBs by occident researchers. Subordinates’ experiences to master’s leading styles and trust in masters affects directly and indirectly their civil behaviors. According to analysis, the concept is proved that understandings and trusts which rise through subordinates feeling masters’ leading styles to expressing civil behaviors plays mediate roles.