This paper first examines how accruals improve earnings’ ability to reflect firm performance and the circumstances in which accruals are important in performing this role in an international setting. The concept in this paper is that the accruals can mitigate timing and matching problems inherent in cash flows, so that earnings more closely reflects firm performance. Then we examine whether there is systematic difference in earnings management across 6 countries which belong to common-law and code-law countries. We propose an explanation for the difference based on the legal system from the sample countries (common law and code law). We find that the code-law countries engage in more earning management than common-law countries.