社會學宗師塗爾幹曾認為:每個人皆有不同的需求與目標,犯罪是達到或滿足這些目標的手段與方法之一,犯罪存在是社會變遷的正常產物。同時,對犯罪危險性的認知影響了人們思考問題的方式,對人們住在何處,去何處休閒活動,購買什麼東西,怎樣教育下一代及人們老年後的生活品質,人們永遠會因潛意識中隱藏著犯罪的幽靈而恐懼、不自由、不安全。犯罪是一種錯綜複的社會事實與社會現象,具有無法滅絕的特性。本研究除了從傳統的徑路研究討論犯罪現象之外,試圖以石計生博士所發展出來的SCG(SPSS-Cluster-GIS)的「主從式結合」方法,且將之空間化,並命名為「空間主從式結合」的研究方式,以普查的量化資料為主,質化田野調查為輔,經由GIS作為空間上的共同操作平台,量化統計資料在透過「空間聚焦」的定位後,搭橋量與質得以進行深度質性訪談,量化與質化各有其獨立的研究位置,具備互相對話與補充的可能。依其不同的犯罪類型與發生犯罪的地點分佈,透過精密的犯罪製圖,標示犯罪地圖群聚現象繪製犯罪熱點,並由犯罪熱點比對官方公佈之治安死角,尋求最佳治安管轄區域之劃分。藉地理環境與人文地景的共同呈現,描繪犯罪地點的社會空間之特徵,試探討由員警勤務作為以外的剖析來對犯罪邏輯進行壓制或控制,討論預防犯罪的有效方式。
Emile Durkheim, master of Sociology, ever thought that everyone has different need and goal, while crime is one of the methods and ways to fulfill and attain. Crime itself is regular product of social transition. In the same time, the conception of risk of crime will impact the way people think, where to live, where to take times, what to buy, how to educate and the living quality after retire. People will always feel unease, insecure and confined due to the hidden potential crime subconciously. Crime is a very sophisticated social reality and phenomena, especially non-extinguishable. Not only studying crime phenomena from traditional method, this study try to use “Primary and Secondary Corporation method” developed by Dr. C.S.Stone Shih to Spacialized it and named “Spatial Primary and Secondary Corporation Model “, which mainly focus on quantified data and accompanied by qualified field study. By GIS as the common operation platform spatially, quantified statistical data, positioning by “spatial focusing” can have an in-depth interview. Quantification and qualification has its own independent research position to make dialogue and complementary possible. By different type and location of crime, plus delicate crime mapping to map crime hot spots. To compare crime hot spot with officially public death corner of public security to locate the best local police station. By geographical environment and artificial scenery present, we picture the characteristics of social space of crime spot, also to analyze some methods other than police duty to suppress or control crime logic and to come up with effective way to prevent crime.