海峽兩岸推行ISO14000績效評估分析
--以機械產業實施PZB模式為例

在台灣與中國海峽兩岸各產業中，傳統產業佔絕大多數，而機械產業更是傳統產業中最具代表性的龍頭企業，為維持機械產業在市場上的競爭力、降低環境污染事故而實施ISO 14000，主要目的是為鼓勵產業界自發地從組織內部規劃其環保改善及污染預防措施。近年來，國內廠商西進大陸投資盛行，因此在對岸推行ISO14000所可能遭遇到的推行困難及效益，對國內廠商來說是一件舉足輕重的事。本研究分三部分開展，(1)量的驗證：首先收集台灣及大陸兩岸機械產業發展概況及相關文獻，針對已通過ISO 14000認證機械產業，根據PZB模式理論設計環境績效評估問卷，利用問卷調查方式蒐集相關資料，了解機械產業推行ISO 14000現況，再將資料以SPSS10.0軟體進行分析，研究ISO 14000推行中廠商與顧客認知關聯(2)質的驗證：依據文獻、學者做專家內容效度考驗和研究者多年ISO14000系統建置顧問師專業技能為基楚，透過訪談來再次驗證前面量的問卷結果(3)管理推論：根據以上量、質的比對驗証，作出管理推論。研究發現，無論是台灣或是大陸機械產業在推行ISO14000過程中均遇到相當多的困難，台灣機械產業應(1)重視規章制度的落實(2)強化團隊精神(3)持續教育訓練(4)組織的全力支持及最高主管的充分授權(5)加強產品創新開發能力等方面；大陸機械產業應(1)提升全員品質意識(2)加強環保意識宣導(3)加強員工教育訓練，有計畫培養中層管理人員素養(4)引進人才淘汰不適用人員(5)尋找顧問公司協助提升ISO14000基本知識等方面，創造更有利商機，才能發揮最大效益。

關鍵字

環境管理系統(EMS) ； ISO14000 ； PZB模式；環境績效評估

並列摘要

Since most cross-strait industries in Taiwan and China are traditional industries, and mechanical industries are typical ones. In order to maintain the competitiveness, reduce the pollution events of mechanical industries on the market and encourage industrial circles to plan environmental improvement and pollution precautions from the interior of their organizations spontaneously, ISO14000 has been enacted to protect the environment. Also, in recent years, because many domestic factories have made an investment in China, the possible difficulties and benefit of promoting ISO14000 in China are crucial to domestic factories. There are three parts in this research, (1)quantity indication: collect the development situations and related documents of cross-strait mechanical industries in Taiwan and China, focuses on the traditional industries that have passed ISO14000 certificate, designs environmental performance evaluation questionnaires according to the PZB mode, and collects related information by questionnaire survey to understand the status quo of mechanical industries promoting ISO14000, and then, analyzes the collected data by SPSS10.0 statistical software and studies the perception relation between factories and customers when promoting ISO14000. (2)quality indication: according to documents survey, professional content validity by scholars, and long ISO14000 system audit professional consulting skills by researcher, conducting face to face dialog to proof the outcome from quanity questionnaire. (3)management deduction: derive management conclusion from the competition between above quantity and quality indication. Our research shows that there are many troubles among Taiwan and China mechanical industries while implementing ISO14000. It needs a certain period to comply with and get satisfied results. Taiwan mechanical industries should enforce (1)the implement of related regulations (2)team work (3)continuous employee education and training (4)support by organization and authorization by top management (5)innovative research and development in products etc., China mechanical Industries should enforce (1)all employees quality awareness (2)declare the environment protection awareness (3)employee training, especially in middle management (4)enroll right employee, and wash out whom unsuitable (5)find consultant association to improve the ISO14000 program etc., to creat good trades from business. Then they will get great benefit from it.

並列關鍵字

Environment Management System (EMS) ； ISO14000 ； PZB

參考文獻

21. 顧洋(1996)，國內產業面臨ISO 14000環境管理標準之因應策略，中技社綠色技術發展中心工程實務研討會論文集，13-22頁。

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3. Boudouropoulos, I. D. et al.(1999), Current State and Advances in the Implementation of ISO14000 by Food Industries---Comparison of ISO14000 to ISO9000 to other Environmental Program, Trends in Food Science & Technology, V9 395-408

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海峽兩岸推行ISO14000績效評估分析 --以機械產業實施PZB模式為例

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