銀行合併績效之探討-CAMEL分析

A Study on the Performance of Banks after Merger-CAMEL System

邱麗華(Li-Hua Chiu)

指導教授 ： 丘邦翰

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2009年)

摘要

本研究主要是從財務的觀點，運用CAMEL 衡量銀行合併前後財務績效之變化情況，來探討交通銀行及中國國際商銀在購併前後之績效差異情形，以瞭解是否藉由購併能產生較好的績效。本研究樣本選定合併前為我國同時具有近百年光榮歷史二家銀行：「交通銀行」及「中國國際商業銀行」，合併後為「兆豐國際商業銀行」；研究期間分為2002年至2005年合併前及2007年合併後，排除2006年當年度合併年，因體制遽變所可能影響經營效率之因素。
經過研究分析有以下幾點結論：
一、利用CAMLE 分析法，從12個構面探討銀行合併後之財務績效變化，在資產品質、管理能力及流動性中之定期性存款對存款比率有明顯改善變好，獲利能力中資產報酬率（ROA）不變，但資本適足性、獲利能力中股東權益報酬率（ROE）及流動性中之流動準備比率、存放款比率有變差。整體而言，銀行合併後之資本適足性、資產品質、管理能力、獲利能力及流動性仍高於全體本國銀行財務指標。
二、本案交通銀行與中國商銀的資產結構與業務性質，雖然兩者都屬銀行業，但卻因專業性不同而產生互補作用。就以交通銀行與中國商銀作比較，交通銀行為開發銀行，辦理中長期開發授信、創導性投資與創業投資業務，中國商銀則為國家貿易與匯兌之專業銀行，並經辦一般商業銀行業務，兩家的業務性質極具互補性。
三、台灣銀行業為提昇專業經營能力與提高國際競爭力，合併乃是潮流之趨。惟有如此，方能使自己在激烈競爭金融環境中求生存。

關鍵字

購併 ； 金融控股公司 ； CAMEL

並列摘要

The study mainly enphase on the financial point of view for judging the performance difference before and after the merge between ”Chiao Tung Bank” and “The International Commercial Bank of China” .Evaluate the change in financial performance by using the analysis method ”CAMEL” to see if the bank merger phenomenon result in a better performance. The samples selected in this research—The International Commercial Bank of China and Chiao Tung Bank. Both banks have been proud of their longtime histories of outstanding track records in our country, merging into ”Mega International Commercial Bank”. The study divided into 2 section, from year 2002 to year 2005(before merger) and the year 2007(after merger),exclude the year 2006(merger occured).To ovserve the possible factor result from the system variation and how they may effect the operation efficiency.
This research end up with the following conclusion：
(I)using the “CAMEL” analysis method to discuss the variety of financial performance relating to bank merger in 12 aspects. Financial Asset quality、Management ability、in Liquidity assets the proportion of time deposit and demand deposit is obviously improved. In the profitability analysis, ROA remain unchanged, but the capital adequacy ratio、ROE and the liquidity rate and the Deposit-loan ratio regressed. In general, the Capital adequacy 、Asset quality、Management ability、Earning ability and Liquidity of Mega Bank(after merger),the financial stander is better than other local bank in Taiwan.
(II)Although the asset structure and business operation of both banks subject to this research are in the same banking industry. Their different specialty contribute to a complementary effect. Let’s compare Chiao Tung Bank with The International Commercial Bank of China. Chiao Tung Bank transforming from a licensed bank for industries, development, and a state-controlled bank engaged in loan extensions for medium- and long-term development, innovation and guidance investment (equity investment), and venture capital ever since. And The International Commercial Bank of China was designated as a licensed specialized bank for international trade and foreign exchange engaged in general commercial business. In short the above mentioned banks are complementary in banking business.
(III)“Bank Merger” is a globalization phenamona. And in order to achieve the professional operation ability and increase international competition. Banks merge in Taiwan only in this way, one can manage to survive in the competitive financial environment.

並列關鍵字

Merger ； Financial Holding Company ； CAMEL System

參考文獻

1.沈中華 (2002)，「金控公司的銀行與獨立銀行CAMEL 比較：1997 -1998」，台灣金融財務季刊，第三輯(第二期)，第73-94 頁。

10.石淼（2004），「台灣地區金融控股公司經營規模、業務整合度與經營績效關係之研究」，中原大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。

27.行政院金融監督管理委員會網站

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3.黃明琦（2000），「臺灣金融機構購併前後績效與綜效之研究」，國立成功大學企業管理研究所碩士論文。