新移民女性工作與家庭選擇之探討

A Research on the New Female Emigrants’ Choices Between Their Employment and Family

姜美如(Mei-Ju Chiang)

指導教授 ： 陳燕禎

元智大學/資訊學院/資訊社會學研究所/碩士(2008年)

摘要

自1994年以來，新移民女性已成為台灣許多家庭組成的重要成員之一，由於原生家庭及社會支持的不足，使其在台的生活和工作遭遇到許多困難。故本研究乃在探討東南亞新移民女性之家庭照顧責任、就業歷程以及在工作與家庭照顧間的選擇，進而建構其工作與家庭之選擇模式。本研究採質性研究中的深入訪談法，研究的範圍為桃園地區，訪談對象分為新移民女性、政府官員、學者專家及雇主等四大類，共16人。
本研究結果為：1.跨國婚姻結合的首要目的是傳宗接代，家務分工主要採取「男主外，女主內」的傳統模式；2.在求職的管道上，她們呈現單一化的現象，就業的最大困難在語言能力不足和缺乏身分證，而不是教育程度及工作經驗；3.新移民女性受到家庭照顧責任及個人人力資本不足的影響，就業機會只能侷限於「次級勞動市場」，工作性質多為粗重或技術性較低的工作；4.她們在工作和家庭的選擇上，若孩子未上學，其就業機會將減少，工作時間也明顯受到限制。此外，本研究建構新移民女性工作與家庭選擇模式有二：「家庭重於工作」模式及「工作與家庭並重」模式。當家庭缺乏支持或孩子尚未入學時，便呈現「家庭重於工作」的模式；若家庭支持充足或孩子皆入學，則呈現「工作與家庭並重」的模式。最後根據本研究結果，亦提出相關建議，如對政府和雇主提供跨國婚姻家庭之就業保障、辦理合適的職訓課程、持續推動語言課程、擴大托育補助範圍等。

關鍵字

新移民女性 ； 就業歷程 ； 家庭照顧 ； 就業困境

並列摘要

Since 1994, New Female Emigrants (NFEs) has become one of the important family members in Taiwan. Since they lack the support from their original families as well as the society, they face many difficulties in terms of their life and employment in Taiwan. This research investigates the choices that NFEs have among family duties, working process, and employment and family care and then constructs the patterns of their choices. The qualitative in-depth method is adopted in this thesis. The scope includes Taoyuan County and the interviewees include NFEs, government officials, scholars and employers with a total of 16 people.
The results of this research are: 1. The primary purpose of cross-country marriage is to have future offspring and the men work outside while the women are in charge of the housework. 2. When it comes to job hunting, the biggest difficulty is neither their education background nor work experience but the insufficient language ability and lack of identification. 3. Since the NFEs are affected by their family duties and inadequate individual human resource, their employment is limited in the secondary labor market which involves heavy or low technical work. 4. In terms of the choices between their job and family, if their children are not old enough to go to school, the opportunity for them to work is decreased and the working time will also be restricted. Moreover, this dissertation provides two patterns of NFEs’ work and family choices, that is, the Family is More Important Than Work Pattern, and the Family is As Important As Work Pattern. When there is a lack of support from family or when their kids are still pre-schoolers, the NFEs will tend to be in Family is More Important Than Work Pattern. On the other hand, if there is good support or kids have reached their school age, then the NFEs will tend to be in Family is As Important As Work Pattern. The last part of this research will provide suggestions such as employers and the government should provide insurance for cross-country marriage employment; offer proper job-training programs; continue to develop language courses, and expand child-care subsidy.

並列關鍵字

New female emigrants ； working process ； family care ； employment difficulties

參考文獻

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