- 學位論文
外資參股本國銀行經營績效之探討－以英商渣打銀行購併新竹商銀為例
The Assessment of Operational Performance of Domestic Bank with Foreign Stake－The Merger of Hsin Chu Bank by Standard Chartered
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摘要
二次金改鼓勵國外銀行或私募基金參股本國銀行，藉以改善國內中小型銀行資本結構，引進新的管理技能，提升競爭力，本研究選取花旗(台灣)、大眾銀行、萬泰銀行、日盛銀行、安泰銀行、渣打銀行之外資參股銀行，利用資本適足性、資產品質、管理能力、獲利能力、流動性、成長性等六方面指標十二項財務比率變數，進行相關績效研究，首先以財務比率分析各樣本銀行外資參股前後期經營績效有無明顯差異。接續以統計分析方法進行各項假說檢定包括：(1).外資參股銀行與本國銀行同期間之績效差異檢定。(2).外資參股銀行與具規模銀行同期間之績效差異檢定。(3).個案銀行渣打銀行購併前後績效差異檢定。(4).個案銀行與具規模銀行同期間之績效差異檢定。最後，探討影響本國銀行獲利能力之要因，並提出建議。研究結果發現： 一、外資參股銀行經營績效分析 1.以財務比率分析外資參股銀行參股前後績效差異比較，各項績效指標僅以資本適足性及流動性兩方向指標呈正向發展，多數營運績效不彰，以渣打銀行、大眾銀行績效表現較為突出。 2.外資參股銀行在資本適足性及管理能力兩方面指標優於本國全體銀行均值表現，在資產品質、獲利能力、流動性及成長性四方面指標皆劣於本國全體銀行平均水準。 3.外資參股銀行在資本適足性、資產品質、獲利能力、流動性、成長性等五方面指標皆劣於具規模銀行之均值。 二、個案銀行經營績效分析 1. 個案銀行(渣打銀行)在購併新竹商銀前後期績效比較，在資本適足率、逾放比、費用率、淨值報酬率、放款成長率等五項比率均呈現大幅度負向的績效表現。 2. 個案銀行在利差、費用率和存放比3項比率優於具規模銀行均值，其它在資本適足性、資產品質、獲利能力及成長性等五方面指標皆劣於具規模銀行均值， 3. 外資擬藉由跨國購併管理技能的移轉，預期改變市佔率及競爭態勢，在本案例上仍未成功。 三、影響本國銀行獲利能力之要因探討。 依據迴歸方程式得知，(1).影響稅前淨利的要因為淨利息收入、淨手續費收入、營業費用、呆帳費用、淨值和逾放比。(2).銀行獲利能力與經營規模具有極大關聯性，淨值愈大之銀行，存放款市佔率愈高，獲利能力愈佳。 四、上述總結，外資參股銀行整體經營績效劣於本國全體銀行平均水準，且在各項業務市佔率與具規模銀行仍有極大差距，以現今的經營規模，對國內金融業競爭態勢影響甚微，無法改變其原有產業地位。
並列摘要
The Second Stage Financial Reform in Taiwan encourages foreign banks or private funds to invest stake in domestic banks so as to improve the capital structure of small and medium-sized banks, introduce new management skills and finally enhance competitiveness. This research selects foreign-owned banks such as City Bank (Taiwan), Ta Ching Bank, Cosmos Bank, Jim Sun Bank, Entire Bank, Standard Chartered Bank as study samples, utilizing capital adequacy, asset quality, management capability, earning performance, liquidity, growth rate variables to research on performance results. First, use financial ratios to analyze the management results before and after foreign capital investments to look for deviations. And then take hypothesis tests such as (1) performance deviation test between foreign and domestic banks in the same period (2) performance variance test between foreign and other banks with scale in the same period (3) performance variance test on Standard Chartered Bank before and after Hsin Chu Bank acquisition. (4) Performance variance test between Standard Chartered Bank and other banks with scale in the same period. Finally, discuss key factors affecting bank earning ability and provide suggestions. The research results are shown as below: Foreign banks management result analysis 1.When using financial ratios to analyze performance differences before and after foreign stake investments, most indicators shows unsatisfying performance results of which only two indicators, capital adequacy and liquidity, demonstrates upward trend. Standard Chartered Bank and Ta Ching Bank outstands other samples in this respect. 2.Foreign-owned banks outdo all domestic banks in capital adequacy and management capability while lose advantage in asset quality, earning ability, liquidity and growth rate. 3.Foreign-owned banks are beaten by banks with scale regarding capital adequacy, asset quality, earning capability, liquidity, and growth rate. Management performance result analysis on study bank. 1.Compare with Standard Chartered Bank before and after Hsin Chu Bank acquisition in capital adequacy, NPL ratio, expense ratio, ROE and growth rate which show negative. 2.Standard Chartered Bank in interest spread, expense ratio and storage ratio are all better than the average value of banks with scale and in other ration such as capital adequacy, asset quality, earning ability and growth rate are all worse than the average value of banks with scale. 3.Foreign banks try to change market shares and competitive status by transnational M&A with management skills transferred which is unsuccessful on the study case. Key point analysis effecting domestic banks in earning ability. According to regression equation, the results are 1.The key point effects net income before Tax are interest income, fee income, operating expense, uncollectible fee, net worth and NPL ratio.2.Bank’s earning ability is highly correlation with scale. Larger net worth Shows higher storage ratio in market shares and better earning ability. To sum up, management performance of domestic banks with foreign bank’s stake are worse than the average level of domestic banks. Also it exists large gap between foreign and banks with scale. To depend on the scale by today, the effect on domestic institution is rare and can’t change it’s original industry position.
參考文獻
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