雅俗之趣對李漁園林觀的影響

The influence of the elegance and vulgar on garden view of Li Yu

彭郁文(Yu-Wen Pen)

指導教授 ： 詹海雲

元智大學/人文社會學院/中國語文學系/碩士(2009年)

摘要

晚明政局詭譎，天災頻作、民亂四起，對於仕途不得志的士人而言，將身世寄託於山水之情，無疑是一種心靈出走的渴望。在明清之際，園林生活方式與士人閒情匯聚成一幅獨特的時代文化，其中有許多值得爬梳的議題，隨著經濟的快速發展，加以市民意識的覺醒和人文主義精神的鼓動，猛烈地衝擊了中國傳統理學及倫理教化，文人精神的雅緻和市井生活的俗趣，由此結合為一，迸發出一連串的文化議題。在此以晚明文人李漁為研究對象，通過對李漁的生活經歷和戲曲小說等作品的文本分析和比較，並結合歷史背景之深究，試圖探討晚明園林、文學作品與人生之間相互影響的關係，及其所反映岀的文人閒情觀點、審美趣味，還有熾盛的園林建築潮流對現實社會生活和倫理規範，產生何種衝擊和影響。
本論文共分六章，第一章為緒論，先說明論文研究動機，確立研究對象的範圍，並提出一套解釋架構，說明詮釋本文的立場。第二章討論從政治、經濟等背景產生的晚明文人結構所形成的社會基礎情況，以及探討明末江南城市社會文藝消費與園林建設興盛的原因，試圖說明當時社會文化與晚明文學所展現的互動關係為何。第三章敘述李漁生平事蹟及其所繼承的中國園林思想體系，下啟第四章從李漁的生活經驗和作品呈現，驗證上述問題，並且劃分其真實與虛擬的園林境地各自為何主題，通過李漁文本中對園林的描繪，論述虛實的園林空間書寫議題。第五章則是分述李漁對園林的社會空間、文本空間及隱喻空間，作多方面的論述，以呈現李漁對園林的深度詮釋主題重點，並描繪晚明文人的生活內容及人生嚮往，指出其精神歸趣。第六章結論，說明李漁以後所開展的造園影響，並總括前述，評論其是非。

關鍵字

李漁 ； 晚明士人 ； 閒情 ； 園林 ； 空間

並列摘要

During the late Min dynasty, the politics situation was tricky and strange, the frequency of natural disaster and civil riot were high, it is a spirit exit to fit careers onto mountain and water for those who did bad with their politics careers
During Min and Chin dynasties, garden life style and intellectual peoples combined to exhibit a special culture of times, among them, there are many issues worthy exploring along with the fast economic development, and wake up of civicism, and encouragement of humanism, they impacted traditional ethical education of China. The delicate mind of intellectual people and common life of general citizen mixed together and generated a series of cultural topics. Herewith, we research the intellectual person Li Yu who lived in the times of late Min dynasty, through the analysis and comparison of life experience and opera writing of Li Yu, also along with the deep study of the historical background, intend to study the interrelationships among garden, literature and human life during the late Min dynasty, and the view point, art interest it was reflecting, and what the influence may have from the hot trend of garden architecture onto the real life and ethical morale.

This essay has six chapters, the first chapter is preface, which firstly states the research intention, confines the recipients, and presents an explanation scheme and standpoint. The second chapter discusses the social situation based on the background of politics and economy in later Min dynasty, and study the reasons why the art consumption and garden architecture were prosperous in those cities located southern of Yangtze River, trying to introduce the interrelationships between the social culture and later Min literature. The third chapter describes the real history of Li Yu and the garden philosophy system of China that Li Yu inherited. The 4th chapter verifies the issues mentioned above by the life experience and writings of Li Yu, and categorizes the real and virtual garden and related topics, states the real and virtual issues through the description of Li Yu with garden cultural. The 5th chapter describes the social space, literature space and implied space that Li Yu contended by means of garden separately, in order to focus the deep statement of garden, and presents the real life and prospects of intellectual people. The 6th chapter is conclusion, states the effects that Li Yu imposed for later generations, and summarizes the previous descriptions and comments their truth and fault.

並列關鍵字

Li Yu, Intellectual people of late Min dynasty ； Leisure spirit ； Garden ； Space

參考文獻

明˙王陽明《傳習錄》(台北：黎明文化事業股份有限公司，1992年4月)。

清˙顧炎武《天下郡國利病書》(北京：中華書局，1976年4月)。

方志遠《明代城市與市民文學》(北京：中華書局，2004年8月) 。

王璦玲主編《明清文學與思想中之主體意識與社會》(台北：中央研究院中國文

巫仁恕《品味奢華──晚明的消費社會與士大夫》(台北：聯經出版股份有限公司，2007年5月) 。