東鋐製衣廠火災模擬分析

台灣有許多的工廠都是屬於鐵皮屋建築，這是因為鐵皮屋建築容易施工、建築的速度快，而且經濟便宜。不過鐵皮屋廠房面積規模雖大，但大都無防火區劃之空間處理，而二樓地板非混凝土構造，是舖著鐵板或是木板，故火災發生時，常常為火焰延燒的主要途徑。另外常見廠房與住宅合併使用，也是造成發生火災時，人員傷亡慘重的原因。本次選擇了研究「東鋐製衣廠」火災為案例，此製衣廠也是鐵皮屋建築，希望藉研究及搜集資料的過程中，能對此類型的案例能有多一層的認識和了解，並藉由實際的火場模擬，儘量還原當時火災發生之情境，進而探討如何降低此類型火災之發生及逃生時應注意的事項。由於火災產生的高溫、濃煙及大量的有毒氣體都會對人員造成傷亡。因此，本研究以火災之場模式模擬軟體Fire Dynamics Simulator（FDS）分析「東鋐製衣廠」之火場。研究火場中溫度場、濃度場之分佈與變化，並針對不同的參數改變，探討相關參數對火災的影響，以瞭解各參數對人員逃生有何差別，提供防火工程上之參考。模擬結果以改變建材材質及增加撒水裝置對逃生時間之延長最有幫助。

關鍵字

火災；鐵皮屋；東鋐

並列摘要

In Taiwan, there are many factories made of metal sheet buildings. It is because metal sheet buildings are easier to be constructed within a short period, and economically cheap. Although the metal sheet factories occupy large space, yet most of which lack fire compartment in respect of spatial planning. The slab on the second floor is constructed of iron plates or wood boards instead of reinforced concrete, which often becomes the main path of fire spreading. In addition, it is quite common that dwelling combined with the factory, also lead to heavy casualties during a fire incident. This study adopted the fire case of “Tung Hong Garment Company” which also occurred in a metal sheet building. Hopefully through researches and data collection, this kind of incident case could be understood and realized more deeply. Also by the practical fire simulation, this study tried to return to original conditions when the fire occurred, and further to probe into how to prevent this kind of fire incident, as well as points for attention during the evacuation. Due to the high temperature, thick smoke and a great quantity of toxic gas always result in casualties. Hence, this study utilized FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) to analyze the fire scene in this study for simulating the distribution and variation of temperature field and concentration field, and discuss the influences of various parameters related to the fire in order to understand what difference between parameters and evacuation which could be references for fire prevention engineering. After the simulation, it was discovered that to change the building materials and to implement the sprinkler system would be the most helpful to extend evacuation time.

並列關鍵字

fire ； filed model ； Tung Hong ； Fire Dynamics Simulator ； FDS

參考文獻

【2】 T.X. Qin, Y.C. Guo, C.K Chan, K.S. Lau, W.Y. Lin,〝Numerical simulation of fire-induced flow a stairwell〞, Building and Environment, pp.183-194, 2005.

【3】Zhiqiang Zhai, Qingyan (Yan) Chen, 〝Numerical determination and treatment of convective heat transfer coefficient in the coupled building energy and CFD simulation〞Building and Environment, pp.1001-1009, 2004.

【4】Noah L. Ryder, Jason A. Sutula, Christopher F. Schemel, Andrew J. Hamer, Vincent Van Brunt, 〝Consequence modeling using the fire dynamics simulator〞, Journal of Hazardous Materials, pp.149-154, 2004.

【6】John H. Mammoser III, Francine Battaglia, 〝A computational study on the use of balconies to reduce flame spread in high-rise apartment fires〞, Fire Safety Journal, pp.277-296, 2004.

【8】J.G. Quintiere,〝Chemistry and Physics of Fire〞, Principle of Fire Behavior, pp.77-99, 1998.

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東鋐製衣廠火災模擬分析

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