台北市和平眷村火災場模式數值模擬分析

Fire Field Model Simulation and Analysis for a Residential Fire in Heping Military dependants’ village Taipei City

曾享茂(Hsiang-Mao Tseng)

指導教授 ： 林誠興

元智大學/工程學院/機械工程學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2009.00154

摘要

在台灣居住人口如此密集之現況下，歷年來火災發生的事件中，以住宅型火災發生的比率最高，當中以早期所興建的舊式建築物為多數，因建築結構未作整體設計規劃，一旦發生火災即衍生慘重損失之悲劇事件，是故，對於老舊住宅建築物改建設計必須詳加考慮，才能減少傷亡的產生。
本案例火警發生在97年上午10點27分左右，位在台北市和平東路三段和安和路口的國防部宿舍突然冒出火苗，由於屬於木造平房，造成火勢迅速竄燒，消防局據報趕往灌救，半個小時就撲滅火勢，屋內一名八十多歲行動不便的老伯伯，來不及逃生葬身火窟，另有一名老伯伯全身多處灼傷送醫急救。本研究是以案例為研究對象，利用NIST所發展的FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator)來進行火災模擬，探討當火災發生時火場之煙流、二氧化碳濃度及氣層高度等變化，以瞭解火場中各區域溫度傳播、濃煙擴散等情況，探討相關參數對火災的影響，並將模擬結果做驗證，針對容易發生危險的部份加以改進，因此模擬之結果希望能在防火工程上有參考價值，讓設計者能在新建建築物時針對防火材質及逃生規劃加以考量，以降低財產的損失及人員的傷亡。

關鍵字

場模式、CO濃度、FDS、上層溫度

並列摘要

During the past decades in Taiwan, there were many fire cases occurred in apartment buildings, and most of which were often rebuilt with illegal constructions using old sheet. In recent years, despite of the fast development of economy, there still standing a lot of this kind of houses in villages and towns because of none overall rebuild plan. Once the fire happens, it will often cause great casualties and property losses, due to dense population and residential environment, the research in old-fashioned building fires is really important.
This case fire occurs at about 10:27 am, from thedormitories of the Ministry of National Defense, on Sec.3, Hoping E. Rd, Taipei City. Because fire building belongs to the wooden cottage house, fire intensity was fleeing and burning rapidly. Fire Department received the report and rushed to put out the fire within 30 minutes. A motion defect, 80s years old man died in the house because of too late to escape from the fire, and another old man got body burns was sent to hospital urgently. When a fire occurs in the city apartment, people often not easy to escape and the fire rescue is also difficulty. In addition, people commonly lacks correct concept for fire protection and insufficient escaping knowledge to seek asylum, thus often cause life and property loss. This research is taking an apartment fire case in Ban-Ciao City for fire study, uses Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) which developed by NIST has been used to simulate fire model for investigating the change of smoke flow, carbon monoxide (CO) concentration and air layer height in fire scene. The simulation result is identified and hoped worth for reference in fire protection engineering design, and considering the quality of fire protection material as well as escape planning in the newly built buildings, in order to reduce the property loss and personnel's casualties.

並列關鍵字

Field model, CO concentration, FDS, Upper layer temperature

參考文獻

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