台灣 DRAM 產業之競爭力分析

當前台灣DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory，動態隨機存取記憶體)產業面臨經營生存戰，2008年四大DRAM廠南亞科、華亞科、力晶、茂德共虧損約1000~1200億，並向銀行團聯貸約4000億，此龐大虧損及聯貸造成政府、企業、員工、股東及銀行團高度注目。此現象主要為產能過剩及適逢全球金融風暴造成消費能力下降，使得廠商營運更加艱困，不僅報價每下愈況，造成銷售越多虧損越多，每月都有現金淨流出現象。當下環境如能順利度過此波不景氣的風暴，則可避免台灣電子、電腦產業喪失關鍵性的記憶體產品，不致於讓韓國獨大；且DRAM近年所建立的上下游產業也已成型，獨缺記憶體會使得IC設計、封裝、測試等產業面臨接單減少，形成另一個產業問題。如果無法度過此金融風暴，則會造成廠商倒閉、員工失業、銀行團呆帳等問題，造成更多的經濟危機。本研究將針對國內外廠商技術、製造能力及營運投資等作分析探討，為何現階段只有南韓三星能獲利，其如何度過1997年亞洲金融風暴，並探討其競爭力的優勢；及台灣廠商要如何度過此波風暴，將劣勢加以改進，並善用本身優勢，進而生存下來。

關鍵字

DRAM ；半導體

並列摘要

After suffering several billions NT dollars loss last year , the four dynamic random access memory manufacturing companies, NTC, Inotera, PSC and Promos, made a syndication loan of 400 billion dollars from banks. The great loss and the loan attract lots of public attention from the government, enterprises, banks, as well as shareholders and employees. Due to the excess capacity and the decrease in consumption resulting from the global financial crisis, companies now face the difficulties in running business, the great loss and the net flow as well. The companies in Taiwan have to survive the financial crisis and continue the production of DRAM, which would end the Korea’s monopoly in DRAM. In addition, the DRAM production will increase of orders of related IC business, such as IC design, and IC packaging and testing. On the contrary, if companies in Taiwan couldn’t survive the crisis, then there will be more problems, such as companies’ closing down, rising rate of unemployment and bad debt in banks. Through the analysis of techniques, manufacturing capacity, and the business investing strategy , the study points out why SAMSUNG Semiconductor could gain profits and survive the Asian financial crisis in 1997. The study also finds out that the main problem of companies in Taiwan is the lack of the capability of research own. To solve the problem, companies should allocate funds in the development of research own development every year. In addition, the study discusses the advantages of SAMSUNG’s competitiveness and how companies in Taiwan can make use of these advantages to survive the global financial crisis.