陸軍士官督導長性格特徵之探究－以陸軍專科學校為例

AN INVESTIGATION ON THE PERSONALITY TRAITS OF ARMY SERGEANT MAJOR – A CASE STUDY OF ARMY ACADEMY, R.O.C

朱自強(Tzu-Chiang Chu)

指導教授 ： 古思明

元智大學/管理學院/管理研究所/碩士(2007年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2007.00324

摘要

軍隊組織基本上和政府組織是一樣的，屬於科層式的組織，組織功能不是純粹以成本效率來考量，因為在戰時或特別的狀況下，任務導向是急迫性，在大於效率導向的時侯，戰時就必須放棄成本的觀念，不計生死，誓死達成任務，這就是軍人的成就，建立在「生」與「死」的人性尊嚴中。無論多麼偉大的戰略，沒有戰術、戰鬥的支持不會成功，戰鬥必須由士官兵去執行，而士官督導長是訓練戰士能夠戰鬥的靈魂人物，是「工作的執行者」、「生活的管理者」、「士氣的維護者」、「績效的考評者」，並非僅是基層幹部而微不足道，在軍事組織特有情境裡，士官督導長扮演著多重的角色，發展出特定性格特徵，遂以張春興、楊國樞(1992)認為人格的獨特個性由個人在其遺傳、環境、成熟、學習等因素，交互作用下，表現於身心各方面的特徵所組成為論證基礎，並取得香港中文大學心理系張妙清等人所開發「跨文化(中國人)個性測量表」(CPAI-2)(張妙清、梁覺、宋維真、張建新，2001) 之授權使用，探究陸軍士官督導長的性格特徵。
本次研究共發出300份問卷，回收290份，回收率達96.7％，無效問卷計46份，有效問卷合計254份，研究結果顯示，在包括領導性、容納性因子的十三個性格特徵中，軍隊組織的士官督導長在性別上有八個性格特徵有顯著差異，男(領導性)、女(容納性)性各擅勝場，差異的原因除遺傳外，但受到軍事組織需求，軍事環境影響亦深，因此本研究與『本土化的華人開放性量表在「中國人個性測量表」中的發展』(張妙清，2002) 的結果作比較，軍隊組織在「新穎性」、「多樣化」、「多元思考」、「容人度」性格特徵的均數較民間高，尤其軍中女性在「多樣化」、「容人度」不亞於外部組織男性的表現。在年齡上有四個性格特徵有顯著差異，差異原因為與軍隊組織成員的連續互動，不免有角色超載、角色衝突與角色混淆的情形，個人受到組織價值觀的影響，而形成與現實平衡的現象。兵科特性與部隊屬性雖分屬個人與組織，但都與情境相關，分別有五個領導性性格特徵有顯著差異，差異原因皆為戰鬥情境所造成。
本研究結果依據張春興、楊國樞(1992)人格發展、組織、領導等理論，所提出與環境相關的推論假設大部分均能研究結果相符，據以提出三項研究未來方向與四項政策建議，讓士官從運用權力掌握群眾，以才能誘導群眾的行為模式，更進一步發揮人性潛能，修煉品德發展正向性格特徵，使部屬願意追隨領導者，建立信仰、尊敬與忠誠合作，進而凝聚意志，統一行動，完成國軍共同使命。

關鍵字

士官督導長；性格特徵；領導；軍事組織；跨文化（中國人）個性測量表

並列摘要

The organization structures of military and government are of the same one, Hierarchy, which functions not on the basis of cost and benefit as under the war or other emergencies, the top priority is to achieve the goal in spite of the cost. In war, cost is not the concern. Everything can be sacrificed, including life, in order to accomplish the orders and that is what makes soldiers great. No matter how successful the strategy is, without tactics and combats the strategy cannot be executed. A combat is carried by soldiers and the key person who helps the soldiers equip needed combat skills is the company sergeant major, the performer of orders, the manager of life, the advocator of morale, and the evaluator of performance. A sergeant major plays multiple roles in military organization and develops unique personality traits. Therefore, the study applied the proof results presented by 張春興 and 楊國樞 in 1992 as basic theoretical supports and adopted the Cross-cultural(Chinese) Personality Assessment Inventory-2(CPAI-2) developed by Researchers M. Cheung et. Al. at the Chinese University of Hong Kong in order to analyze the personality traits of Army Sergeant Majors.
300 copies of the questionnaires were dispatched and 290 copies were retrieved, 46 copies were invalid. The result shows that there are 8 personality traits out of 13 are different in the basis of gender: the Social Potency is highlighted for male, and the female is for Accommodation. The reasons that make the difference are heredity as well as the requirements from the military and its environment. In comparison with the conclusions of “本土化的華人開放性量表在「中國人個性測量表」中的發展” presented by Researchers M. Cheung et. Al. in 2002, the military personnel got the higher scores in Novelty, Diversity, Divergent Thinking, and Interpersonal Tolerance than the civilians did and the female military personnel even had the equal performance in Diversity and Interpersonal Tolerance in comparing with non-military male personnel. In different age sectors, there are 4 personality traits that have obvious outcomes which may caused by Role Overload, Role Conflict, and Role Confusion. Although branch and unit specialties are separately individual and organizational factor, they are all about the environment. Therefore, 5 personality traits in Social Potency category have obvious difference and the reasons may be the combat situations.
The findings of the study are mostly coinciding with the proof results presented by 張春興 and 楊國樞 in 1992. Therefore, the study points out 3 possible research targets for further studies and 4 suggestions on military policies in the hope of assisting non-commissioned officers to elaborate their potential.

並列關鍵字

Sergeant Major, Personality traitSergeant Major, Personality trait；Leadership；Military Organization；CPAI-2Leadership；Military Organization；CPAI-2

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