中越驅除惡鬼年俗之比較研究 －以中國掛桃符與越南豎竹竿為例－

Research on the comparison of the driving away spirit evils customs of the Lunar New Year between China and Vietnam ---Focusing on the examples of the “TaoFu”of China and the Lunar New Year pole of Vietnam

鄧瑞蓮(ThuyLien Dang)

指導教授 ： 莊雅州

元智大學/人文社會學院/中國語文學系/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2011.00011

摘要

中越驅除惡鬼年俗之比較研究
－以中國掛桃符與越南豎竹竿為例－
摘要
節日是中越民族傳統文化的重要組成部分，乃是人民生活場景的縮影。對於辭別舊年結束、慶祝新年到來的年俗，自古以來就更深受重視，更體現人們風俗習慣的特色。因此，研究某個國家民族的傳統年節真是深入了解此國文化的重要途徑之一，人們對傳統年節的觀察也是對社會生活的觀察，因為年節的變遷反映民族文化的變遷，引起在不同時空背景下將產生出獨特的文化發展。在中越人民送舊迎的新各種活動中，源遠流長的驅鬼納福儀式早已成為十分重要的事項，因為它們既表達人民心靈神秘的思想信仰，又是人們迎福納祥的願望轉化。於是隨著社會的發展，人們對生死的追求也逐漸變化，人的心靈象徵乃激發更多更新的對象，年節從而失去了巫術的內涵，而演變成一種喜慶歡樂的活動。
在中越年俗驅鬼辟邪習俗中，掛桃符與豎竹竿可視為年節的核心，是人們驅疫癆、除惡鬼，同時表達歡度佳節的意願之神秘活動。此兩種習俗隨著社會的變遷而不斷更換，並發展為許多現代的轉換。但掛桃符與豎竹竿或存在，或失落，都留下痕跡，說明它們並不是憑空而談的，也是中越民族傳統文化不可忽視的一個重要部分。
本論文以驅鬼、掛桃符與豎竹竿為主要的研究論述，除了析評鬼與惡鬼的根源與人們驅逐的態度演化之外，還探討中越年俗驅除惡鬼的掛桃符與豎竹竿之發展進程，俾使雙方人民釐清自己祖先對鬼與惡鬼的認知與傳統節日的內涵意義。此外，透過比較這兩種習俗的論證，筆者還進一步展開視野，加強探討中越先民思維觀念，尤其是時空觀念、宗教意識、社會生活以及精神文化內涵，促進雙方的頻繁交往過程。

關鍵詞: 中越、驅鬼、年俗、掛桃符、豎竹竿

關鍵字

中越 ； 驅鬼 ； 年俗 ； 掛桃符 ； 豎竹竿

並列摘要

Research on the comparison of the driving away spirit evils customs of the Lunar New Year between China and Vietnam
---Focusing on the examples of the “TaoFu”of China and the Lunar New Year pole of Vietnam

Abstract

Holidays have played an important role in constituting the traditional culture of China and Vietnam. This can be considered the minimized reflection of the daily life and cultures of the two nations. The Lunar New Year is the moment when people say farewell to the past year and welcome the New Year. Therefore, the meaning of the holiday is highly valued and the typical cultural features are clearly showed. As a matter of fact, research on the Lunar New year customs of a country can reflect the traditional culture of that country. In addition, the observation of the Lunar New Year can be the observation of the social life since its change can lead to the change of the national culture. In different settings, the traditional cultures develop in different ways. Of the activities to say farewell to the past year and welcome the New Year, the activities to drive away spirit evils and receive good luck have become significant. This can not only reflect the mysterious spirit and religion of the people but also show the desire for happiness and peace of human beings. The development of the society gradually changes the perception of death. Therefore, the lunar New Year emphasizes more on the activities to welcome the good luck, rather than to drive away ghosts and devils.
Of the activities to drive away the spirit evils on the New Year, the “TaoFu” of China and the Lunar New year pole of Vietnam are the prominent examples. They both direct to the two main desires of human beings, which are driving away the evils and expecting to receive good luck.
To date, the continuous development of the society creates the equivalent changes of the two cultures in a more modern way. However, whether the two traditions exist or fade in time, they always remain meaningful to show their existence. In other words, they are vital constituents in the traditional culture of the two nations.
This thesis explores the driving away of spirit evils employing the examples of the “TaoFu” of China and the Lunar New year pole of Vietnam. In addition to investigating the origin of evils and devils and the attitudes of the people towards these customs, this thesis also sheds light on the process of the two customs to help the people of the two countries understand more about the conceptions of “evils” and “devils” of their ancestors as well the meaning of the lunar New Year. Besides, the comparison of the two customs has broadened my knowledge of the mentality, perceptions of the people, such as, space, time, religion, social life and the spiritual culture. This has enhanced the multi-aspect exchange and mutual understanding between the two countries.

Key words: China and Vietnam, driving away spirit evils customs, customs of the Lunar New Year, the “TaoFu”, the Lunar New year pole

並列關鍵字

China and Vietnam ； driving away spirit evils customs ； customs of the Lunar New Year ； the “TaoFu” ； the Lunar New year pole

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