直航對兩岸航空貨運業影響之研究-以物流服務業者為例

The Study of Cross Strait Direct Transportation Influence on the Air Freight Industry - A Case Study of Logistic Service Providers

李明城(Ming-Cheng Li)

指導教授 ： 湯玲郎

元智大學/管理學院/管理碩士在職專班/碩士(2011年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2011.00062

摘要

中國大陸自1987年經濟改革開放，以世界製造中心自居，經濟快速成長，人民的所得和購買力增強，兩岸商業往來日益密切，自1995至2008年兩岸貿易額穩定成長，大陸為我國主要貿易成長最快速往來國家，出口貿易額至大陸及香港佔台灣總出口比重，於2000年至2008年增至38.95％，並於2005年首度超越日本，成為我國貿易往來最大總額單一國家，雖2009年遭遇全球金融風暴，仍是我國貿易最大國家。
隨著兩岸海空運直航逐步開通，國內海空運航商在突破直航限制，可以與其他國際級的空運航商在中國大陸市場公平競爭，且以台商擁有較成熟的供應鏈知識，在廠商的競爭力、貨運代理商的攬貨能力、航運商的經營能力、長期發展應可在兩岸航空貨運市場有一番作為。
研究發現環境不確定性、營運模式及組織績效間為部份正向顯著相關，因產業結構對組織績效為負向影響，產品與服務為正向影響但無顯著相關。此研究結果表示，雖第三方物流服務業者在不同的地區面臨不同的經營環境，但面臨顧客需求、供應商配合度及競爭者定價策略變動時，對財務及非財務有負面影響。但第三方物流服務業者可經由營運模式改善組織績效。
最後，依本研究對管理者提出建言，發展以人為本的營運模式，改善流程，創造更高的組織績效；對政府政策方面，以台商優質的物流管理技術，惟有持續開放與各國貿易往來，扶植物流服務產業，才能提升國家競爭力。

關鍵字

兩岸直航 ； 第三方物流 ； 航空貨運 ； 環境不確定性 ； 營運模式

並列摘要

Since 1987, by the liberalization of economic policies Mainland China has dramatically become the manufactories of the globe. It has meanwhile brought China more rapid economic growth, and Chinese people getting higher GDP and stronger consuming power. The trade relationship between Taiwan and China is also getting intensive and close simultaneously. From 1995, the trade volume of cross strait has been steadily growing and as a resulted of China becoming the fastest growth and the largest portion of international trade to Taiwan. In comprised of China and Hong Kong exported trade volume of Taiwan, they have increased 38.95% from 2000 to 2008. They also surpassed Japan in 2005. In 2009, though financial crisis storm impacted around the world, China is remained to be the largest trade partner to Taiwan.

Along with the gradual opening direct air and marine link of cross strait, Taiwanese carriers and forwarders got breakthrough of traffic right restrictions, which finally enabled them to compete fairly with the other international companies on the market of Mainland China. With the mature knowledge and operation of supply chain management, Taiwanese carriers and forwarders have gained their competence and capabilities to have a prosperous achievement of cross strait market.

In this research, we found that industrial structure influences negatively on organizational performance, and product-and-service brings positive influence on organizational performance, therefore, the result of this study indicates partial significant positive correlation among environment uncertainty, business model and organizational performance. The outcome shows that the third party logistic service providers though encounter challenges, which are from different business environment, customers demand, suppliers’ cooperation, competitor pricing strategies, and negative impact on their financial and non-financial performance. They still can improve organizational performance by change or adjustment of business models.

Lastly, according to the result of this research, I suggest managers have to develop people-oriented business models and to improve business processes to achieve the highest organizational performance,. In order to enhance the competence of Taiwan, I also suggest the government to continually liberate trade restrictions with partner countries and to cultivate logistic service industry proactively.

並列關鍵字

Cross-Strait Direct Flight ； The Third Party Logistics ； Air Cargo ； Environment Uncertainty ； Business Model

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