標準作業執行程度之探討-以豐田汽車召回為例

本研究以標準作業執行程度為主軸、探討生產線現場品質、生產、安全、成本、之問題、這些問題皆因『標準作業執行程度』所導致、現狀雖有標準作業但作業人員是否依指示作業無法得知、管理者僅能由平時印象或異常發生時才能得知訊息、無法客觀及有系統評估、造成不合理的現象。故需導入遵守率績效評估實施整合。標準作業要素作業票的內容，是周全考慮遂行高效率生產時，所必須具備的條件、再則設法將製品、機械與作業人員的動作，以最有效的搭配組合、方能建構以標準作業為基礎的管理職場。研究結果發現: 1. 本研究發現製造的本質、不能以製造產品量的速度為單位，而須以產品販賣的速度衡量，建立以顧客為中心的生產系統、必要的時間提供必要的量。 2. 主動告知錯誤、並誠實面對具體提出改善方策、以提昇整體的顧客滿意度與信賴感。 3. 仔細觀察作業者是否依照標準作業、並找出與標準不同的動作加以改善。 4. 遇區域大,時間長的Takt Time監查常流於形式,建議監查方式、採交互監督評價之監查機制。 5. 讓作業者遵守這個標準、管理者是否實際Try過好作、難作、不良要點是否摘出。關鍵詞：豐田生產方式；JIT；標準作業；(T.P.S)。

關鍵字

豐田生產方式； JIT ；標準作業； (T.P.S)

並列摘要

The present study involves the investigation of standard operation systems and the degree to which they are implemented. This study also discusses quality, production, safety and cost issues that are related to production. These issues and problems exist due to the lack of strict implementation of standard operation procedures. Although standard operation procedures do exist these days, there is no way of knowing whether or not every step is carried out properly. As such, there exists a situation far from ideal whereby problems can only be detected through either general inspection or when an actual crisis arises. This unfortunate situation highlights the need for an overall evaluation procedure that is both objective and systematic. Consequently, the present study suggests a performance compliance evaluation procedure in addition to the standard operation procedure that is already available. Part of this compliance evaluation procedure is making use of forms that measure productivity and machine output as well as determining operator efficiency. In doing so, an operating system based entirely on truly standard procedures can be established. The following are the main findings of the present study: 1. When it comes to production, the essential elements of production cannot be measured according to the speed of production. Rather, they should be determined based on the speed by which products are sold. To establish a customer-centered production system, the quantity produced should correspond to the latter. 2. Taking the initiative to report errors, being as honest and as detailed as possible and providing solutions for errors can increase customer satisfaction and improve overall product reliability. 3. Improvements can be made by adhering to detailed inspection procedures in order to determine whether or not all operating procedures are carried out according to standard operating procedures. If not, the operating procedures that do not comply with the prescribed standard need to be identified. 4. For large-scale operations, inspectors, due to time constraints, tend to perform general inspections that are not detailed enough and hence do not follow standard operating procedures. As such, it is suggested peer evaluation be implemented in addition to the available procedure. 5. In order to ensure that operators carry out production procedures according to the aforementioned standards, senior management staff and inspectors should test these procedures themselves and determine how difficult they are to implement. Furthermore, any limitations observed should be reported immediately. Key Words: TPS, JIT, Standard Operation Procedures