大學生生涯需求之探討—以北部普通大學職輔中心之服務為例

A Study about Career Needs of College Students: An Example of University Career Center's Service in Northern Taiwan

李明峻(Ming-Chun Lee)

指導教授 ： 劉阿榮

元智大學/人文社會學院/社會暨政策科學學系/碩士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2012.00261

摘要

本研究主要是從大學生的角度關注其所需的生涯需求，並進一步對應職輔中心的相關服務，了解學校單位與學生需求之差異，透過心理社會論、生涯發展論、需求層次論以及自我實現的概念討論在大學中所遭遇的各項生涯議題，以及其相關的生涯需求，並了解為何要針對大學生提出相關的職涯輔導服務。
研究方法採用量化問卷調查為輔、質性深度訪談法為主的訪談方法，問卷調查167位北區普通大學畢業5年內之校友，其中女性填答人數多於男性、私立普通大學多於國立普通大學；訪談方面，主要訪談12位北區普通大學畢業五年內的畢業校友以及2位職輔中心工作一年以上的同仁。
在大學的生涯規劃階段主要有三大階段，第一階段為高中進入大學階段，此時議題主要在於釐清自我的概念，因此在此時應該提供給學生自我探索的課程與測驗為主；第二階段為大學階段，透過社團參與、打工經驗以及體驗職場的實習，找到適合自己的生涯方向，最後再選擇適合自己的職涯方向後，培育自己相關不足的能力，以進入職場更順利，加入職涯規劃、就業力的相關課程或是實習等體驗職場的相關機會的提供為此時最重要的生涯需求項目；第三階段則為生涯選擇階段，此時則透過以前的經驗，搭配求職準備或是校園徵才的相關活動與課程，進一步找到適合自己的生涯方向，並協助其完成生涯的決策，將自己的就業相關能力培育更加完善，但進入工作職場的校友們認為企業最重視工作態度與團隊合作等相關能力，但這部分也是目前大學生最為缺乏的。
本研究最後發現大學生對於各項生涯需求皆有其需求存在，但是對於學校所提供的相關培育活動參與度低，其可能的原因在於學生認為學校所提供的相關服務不符合其生涯需求之外，另外亦可能是學生較為被動以及職輔單位宣傳不彰所致；本研究根據研究分析的結果提出相關的建議，除了解大學生的生涯需求外，另外更希望可以做為未來大專校院職輔工作改善的方向。

關鍵字

生涯需求 ； 職涯輔導 ； 生涯規劃 ； 就業力 ； 大學職輔中心

並列摘要

The study is focus on career needs from college students’ point of view, and also compared the results to the service which provided by the University Career Center. The study intends to realize the distinction of career needs between students and school.
The study derives from Psychosocial Theory, Career Development Theory, Hierarchy of Needs, and the concept of Self-actualization Needs, by using interview as mainly research method and questionnaires survey as subsidiary, to discuss various career issues which students had before, and other related career needs of students. Furthermore, based on the study to realize the reason why school should provide career counseling to students. Questionnaire was administrated to the alumni who graduated from universities located in northern Taiwan in five years. People who filled the questionnaire, alumnae are more than alumnus; alumni from private universities are more than from public universities. Twelve of the interviewees are from universities in northern Taiwan, who graduated in five years. Two of the interviewees are from University Career Center, who has work experiences for more than one year.
There are three stages in the university students' career planning. First is high school into university, the main topics is to clarify the concept of self, so at this time should be provided to students to explore courses and tests based. The second stage is the period of university , through league participation, part-time experience and internship experience. It's important to find their own career direction, and finally choose their favorite occupation. In this stage, the main demand is that the career planning, the course of the employability or internship opportunities to nurture their own lack of ability to make themselves successfully into the workplace. Third is the career choice stage, university students through previous experience with ability of prepare to find work or campus recruitment activities and programs, that further to find a suitable career direction, assist in the completion of the career decision-making. Alumnus consider that corporate managers were most value on staffs are about working attitude and team work ability, but this part is also students lack the most.
The conclusion found that University Students for the career needs are exist. But training activities provided by schools to participate are very low. It's possible reason that students consider the services unsatisfied the needs of their career needs, also be due to relatively passive students that don't care about the surroundings, and career center's promotional is inefficient.
Finally, according to the study result to given advice. In addition to understand the career needs of university students, hope that can be used as directions for improvement of university career counseling.

並列關鍵字

University Career Center ； Career Needs ； Career Counseling ； Career Planning ； Employability

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