具燃料電池及磷酸鋰鐵電池之混合動力源智慧型最佳化能量管理系統

Intelligent Optimal Energy Management System for Hybrid Power Sources Including Fuel Cell and Li-FePO4 Battery

張世杰(Shih-Jie Jhung)

指導教授 ： 魏榮宗

元智大學/電機通訊學院/電機工程學系/碩士(2012年)

摘要

本文主要發展具燃料電池及磷酸鋰鐵電池之混合動力源智慧型最佳化能量管理系統。首先，以快速充電設計準則之概念發展適應性快速充電控制機制，包含適應性定電流/定電壓控制架構、適應性可變電流控制架構及適應性電流電壓控制架構，可供使用者選擇。本文以傳統升壓式直流轉換器作為充電電路，搭配所發展之適應性快速充電控制機制，可同時達成快速充電及省能之目的，其充電電路最高轉換效率達97.7%及平均轉換效率達95%以上，且對照於傳統比例積分控制器之定電流/定電壓控制架構，本文所提出之適應性電流電壓控制架構可減少充電時間達19.2%，適應性可變電流控制架構可增加省能率約1.33%。另外，為了保護燃料電池壽命及減少氫氣消耗量，本文更進一步發展ㄧ簡單風扇溫度控制以減少於燃料電池剛啟動時之能量浪費，且設計一模糊氫氣控制器可使燃料電池穩定供電並在同一燃料電池輸出功率情況下，以減少氫氣之消耗，並沿用具較優充電性能之適應性電流電壓控制架構，針對系統主要電池模組進行充電。綜合上述，本文所發展之智慧型最佳化能量管理系統相較於無風扇溫度控制、固定氫氣壓力及定電流/定電壓充電架構之傳統能量管理系統，本文可同時實現快速充電、省能、電源保護及保證系統穩定性的目標；此外，透過數值模擬與實作結果性能比較，可驗證智慧型最佳化能量管理系統之可行性。

關鍵字

能量管理 ； 模糊氫氣控制 ； 風扇溫度控制 ； 適應性快速充電控制 ； 燃料電池 ； 電池模組。

並列摘要

This thesis focused on the design of an intelligent optimal energy management system for hybrid power sources including a fuel cell (FC) system and a battery module. First, an energy-saving adaptive fast-charging strategy is developed and applied to a Li-FePO4 battery module. In this strategy, there are three options including an adaptive constant current (CC)/ constant voltage (CV) control scheme, an adaptive variable current (VC) control scheme, and an adaptive current-voltage control scheme to be selected by the user. The objectives of fast charging and energy saving can be simultaneously achieved by the well-designed circuit components in a charge circuit (i.e. a boost converter) plus the proposed adaptive fast-charging strategy. In this thesis, the maximum conversion efficiency of the boost converter is 97.7% and its average conversion efficiency is over 95%. Moreover, the charge speed and energy saving of a CC/CV framework with a conventional proportional-integral (PI) control scheme can be enhanced to reach uppermost 19.2% and 1.33% improvement rates by the adaptive current-voltage control scheme and the adaptive VC control scheme, respectively.
For the purpose of protecting the FC system and reducing its hydrogen consumption, a simple fan temperature control is introduced to reduce the possible energy waste during the startup of the FC system. Moreover, a fuzzy hydrogen control is designed to manipulate the FC system stably and generate the same unit power with less hydrogen. In addition, the superior adaptive current-voltage fast-charging control is continuously adopted to improve the charge speed for the main power battery. The objectives of fast charging, energy saving, power source protection, and system stability assurance can be simultaneously achieved. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent optimal energy management system is verified by numerical simulations and experimental results. Its merits are indicated by comparing a conventional management system without the fan temperature control and with a fixed hydrogen pressure and a CC/CV charging framework.

並列關鍵字

Adaptive fast-charging control ； Fuel cell ； Battery module. ； Energy management ； Fuzzy hydrogen control ； Fan temperature control

參考文獻

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