產業技術傳承方式之研究--- 一個包含師徒制與教導之新模型

整合技術傳承活動的工具，是在各企業中一直是很重要的一個課題。然而有效的達到技術傳承的目的，必須利用各種工具與方法來提高員工對產業技術傳承活動的參與，如內部教育訓練、QC七大手法、六標準差、QCC…等工具，為了能有效善用這些工具來達到產業技術傳承的目的，最常使用的方法仍是透過師徒制度的傳授，來達到技術傳承之目的。國內產業主要實施改善活動的方法，大多使用品管圈活動與六標準差改善活動，兩者使用的方法論雖不盡相同，但是其目的都在延續產業的生命，改善經營績效。產業亦藉活動過程中，發掘新的技術，或者在活動過程中以資深同仁解決問題的手法與技術，展現在資淺同仁面前，讓產業關鍵技術得以延續，成為支撐整個產業技術命脈的重要體系。新模式概念為中國武術派別與修煉武功之想法，以較高階之技術熟練者如大師兄，來指導新進或資淺之同門小師弟，使其兼具師徒制與教導之雙項功能，藉由此門派別的技術學習活動，來達到產業部門專有技術之傳承。本研究期望提出一個合適國人使用產業實行技術傳承之方式，以傳統師徒制傳承活動之精神，結合良好的激勵制度，建立技術傳承人員成就感，期使產業推行技術傳承活動時，有更好的模式可供選擇。

關鍵字

技術傳承；師徒制； QCC ；激勵；技術掌門人；大師兄；小師弟

並列摘要

To effectively reduce the technical skill-transfer gap is an important issue for the business to survive in the competing world. Implicitly, many tools such as internal education and training, QC (Quality Control) seven tools, 6-σ, QCC (Quality Control Circle), etc, are commonly used to facilitate this technical skill-transfer. The technical skill-transfer is through these improvement schemes to equip the technical employees with better skills. On the other hand, some businesses may use explicit technical skill-transfer scheme like apprenticeship or coaching. Apprenticeship or coaching can provide an environment for senior technical employees to teach the problem-solving skills and craftsmanship to junior ones, thus the critical technical skills can be transferred. These explicit schemes rely upon the good teaching of masters and the learning of their disciples. Explicitly or implicitly, the purposes of those technical skill-transfer schemes are to improve the performance results and to survive the business. However, the motivations between the masters and disciples, the way of teaching should be carefully addressed to make the apprenticeship or coaching a success. This study proposes an effective apprenticeship/coaching model which takes the concepts from quality improvement tools: QCC and 6-σ for addressing the teaching and motivation needs of apprenticeship. Besides, the eastern Chinese Kung-Fu idea of bonded master/disciple is incorporated in the model to form the technical skill-transfer system. A case of a bearing manufacturing company which is introducing the western apprenticeship system is studied. This company has long been using quality improvement tools to train the technical employees. Using semi-structural interview, the results identified the key successful factors of the apprenticeship and indirectly showed the effectiveness of the proposed model.

並列關鍵字

skill transfer ； apprenticeship ； QCC ； motivation

參考文獻

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產業技術傳承方式之研究--- 一個包含師徒制與教導之新模型

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