聚-3己烷塞吩/ 富勒烯(C61)衍生物之有機太陽能電池效率測試

Power Conversion Efficiency in Organic Solar Cell Using Poly (3-hexylthiophene) and 1-(3-Methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6) C61

葉展宏(Cheng-Hung Yeh)

指導教授 ： 吳和生

元智大學/工程學院/化學工程與材料科學學系/碩士(2009年)

https://doi.org/10.6838/YZU.2009.00291

摘要

中文摘要
有機太陽能電池(organic solar cell)已經發展了將近30年的歷史，考慮其中以低成本、大規模製程，並具有大面積塗佈的條件，現今是以聚(3-己烷塞吩) (poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl)與富勒烯衍生物(1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6, 6) C61) 的塊材式異質接面方式組合而成的元件為主。因此本研究主要是利用聚(3-己烷塞吩)與富勒烯衍生物製作塊材式異質接面有機太陽能電池，並做效率測試。實驗主要分成四個部份討論：(1)活化層厚度之控制：以氯仿為溶劑分別為(a)濃度15 mg/mL的單層共軛高分子以旋轉塗佈法從200 rpm 至 2500 rpm，控制不同的活化層厚度，和(b)濃度為30 mg/mL的塊材式異質接面元件，以旋轉塗佈法從500 rpm 至 3500 rpm控制不同的活化層厚度，兩者皆經過130 oC與1小時退火溫度製作而成。並以太陽光源模擬器(solar simulator)以及場發掃描式電子顯微鏡(FE-SEM)觀測功率轉換效率值(power conversion efficiency)與活化層厚度。
(2)不同溶劑種類之影響：將聚(3-己烷塞吩) 與富勒烯衍生物分別以氯仿、氯苯與甲苯為溶劑製作濃度為30 mg/mL的塊材式異質接面元件以旋轉塗佈法從500 rpm 至 3500 rpm塗佈並經過130 oC與1小時退火溫度製作而成。並以太陽光源模擬器與紫外線-可見光光譜分析儀(UV-Vis Spectrometers)分析功率轉換效率以及吸收波峰強度與範圍。
(3)退火程序，以氯苯為溶劑製作濃度為30 mg/mL的塊材式異質接面元件，並經過不同的退火溫度 (100 oC到200 oC)與不同的退火時間(5 分鐘 至90 分鐘)，然後以紫外線-可見光光譜分析儀分析吸收波峰強度與範圍以瞭解聚(3-己烷塞吩)在何種條件下有結晶性之生成，並以太陽光源模擬器測得功率轉換效率值。
(4)焠火程序，以氯苯為溶劑製作濃度為30 mg/mL的塊材式異質接面元件，並以氯苯飽和蒸氣方式在不同的焠火溫度、冷卻溫度以及次數下增加P3HT之規則性與結晶性。經由上述實驗可獲得之最佳功率轉換效率值為0.53 %，開環電壓為0.51 V，短路電流為4.0 mA/cm2，所用溶劑為氯苯。

關鍵詞: P3HT、PCBM、有機太陽能電池、效率值。

關鍵字

P3HT ； PCBM ； 有機太陽能電池 ； 效率值

並列摘要

Abstract
Research on polymer solar cell has been developed during the past 30 years. Recent efforts have been on developments of low cost materials and process, large scale production, and large coating area. Most researches focus on study hetero-junction solar cell by using poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and 1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)-propyl-1-phenyl-(6,6)C61 (PCBM). This study prepares hetero-junction solar cell by using P3HT and PCBM, and determines the power conversion efficiencies of the solar cells. Four parts were discussed in the following.
First is the analysis of active layer thickness. The single layer device and the blend layer device were made using P3HT and P3HT/PCBM for 15 mg/mL and 30mg/mL in chloroform The active layer thicknesses were controlled by using different rotation speeds in the range from 200 rpm 3500 rpm, respectively. The annealing temperature and time used was 130 oC and 1hr. The power conversion efficiency (η) of devices made were measured by using a solar simulator. The active layer thickness was measured by means of field emission - scanning electron microscope.
Second part of this study is to study the effect of solvents. The blend layer device are prepared by using P3HT/PCBM (30 mg/mL) in chloroform, chlorobenzene and toluene as solvents.The spin coating speed was controlled in the range of 500 rpm to 3500 rpm to produce different active layer thicknesses. The annealing process used was 130 oC for 1 h. All the devices made were analyzed by using the solar simulator and UV-Vis spectrophotometers.
Third, different annealing processes were studied to prepare different blend layer devices by using P3HT/PCBM (30 mg/mL) in a selected solvent, (chlorobenzene) annealing temperature (100 oC to 200 oC), and annealing time (5 to 90 min). All the devices made were analyzed by using the solar simulator and UV-Vis spectrophotometers.
Finally, the effect of hardening temperature process were studied to prepare different blend layer devices by using P3HT/PCBM (30 mg/mL) in chlorobenzene, hardening temperature (170 oC to 250 oC), and cooling temperature (-5oC to 25oC).

Today, the best result of the devices made in this study are: the power conversion efficiency is 0.5 %，open circle voltage is 0.5 V，short circle current is 4.0 mA/cm2. The best solvent is chlorobenzene.

並列關鍵字

P3HT ； PCBM ； Efficiency ； Organic solar cell

參考文獻

Alexi, C. A., L. R. Johnson, V. N. Bliznyuk, Z. Schlesinger, S. A. Carter, H. H. Hörhold, Efficient Titanium Oxide/Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaics for Solar Energy Conversion, Advanced Materials, 12, 1689-1692 (2000)

Adam, J. M., J. B. Bonekamp, A. Ruhl, H. Klesper, K. Meerholz, The Effect of Active Layer Thickness on the Efficiency of Polymer Solar Cells, Proc. of SPIE, 5938, 593808(2005)

Anthony, J. M., R. A. Hatton, S. R. P. Silva, Water-soluble multiwall-carbon-nanotube-polythiophene composite for bilayer photovoltaics, Appl. Phys. Lett., 89, 123115(2006)

Anthony, J. M., R. A. Hatton, G. Y. Chen, S. R. P. Silva, Carbon nanotubes grown on In2O3 :Sn glass as large area electrodes for organic photovoltaics, Appl. Phys. Lett., 90, 023105(2007)

Barnham, K., G. Duggan, A new approach to high efficiency multiband-gap solar cells, J. Appl. Phys., 67 , 3490-3493 (1990)