- 學位論文
金融服務業對大陸台商融資服務模式之探討
Discussion on the Models of Bank Financial Service for Taiwan Businessmen in China
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摘要
資金就好比是企業的血液，沒有順暢及足夠的資金奧援，企業是很難生存的。而中小企業台商在承受外在變動風險能力上，通常都比大型企業來得低，伴隨著企業全球化，國外企業集團也紛紛前往中國大陸投資，連帶地帶動大陸本土私營企業的掘起，因此，更加深中小企業台商在大陸營運及財務上的壓力。由於兩岸關係特殊，政府對開放兩岸金融往來政策尤其謹慎，而大陸金融體制開放進度緩慢，加上籌資管道訊息的不透明，故中小企業台商在融資問題上，更值得深入探討，以期能獲得銀行在資金的協助。 本文從文獻回顧可看出過去學者在探討此相關議題時，主要是採用問卷調查方式，而較無法對此複雜的研究主題做深入研究。有鑑於此，本研究選擇採取多重個案的質化研究，希望透過對大陸台商的深度訪談，及蒐集國內銀行融資的成功案例，剖析資金需求與供給面的相關因素，以瞭解中小企業台商在面臨資金需求時，尋找融資管道過程會遭遇到那些融資障礙；而在做融資決策時較關注那些要項。本研究希冀從個案探討中能深入了解中小企業台商之營運模式及財務規劃理念，以做為金融服務業者在拓展授信業務之參考。 從個案研究分析後，發現資金需求者關心項目包括：(1)融資成本；(2)銀行是否能提供客製化的服務；(3)銀行喜好不動產融資。資金供給者關心項目包括：(1)承貸風險；(2)收益成效；(3)服務品質及產品開發。此外，本研究也從資金供給者之成功融資個案資料，歸納出個案銀行所關注之核貸要件，此相關要件也可提供企業在融資時之參考，以達到企業與銀行共創雙贏的合作共識。 從本文的研究結果，可以歸納出下列五點研究結論：(1)中小企業台商及銀行業者較偏好短期授信額度，忽略企業永續經營觀念；(2)資金成本往往是企業做融資決策時最優先考量的因素；(3)台商融資之主要障礙因素，包括：財務報表弱化、人際關係及擔保品的不足、債信評等低、以及未能真實表彰大陸經營狀況等；(4)融資成效的主要關鍵因素，包括：經營者豐富的本業資歷、須有明確的借款用途及還款來源、擔保品的提供、以及具有良好的上下游供應鏈關係等；(5)由文獻及個案中皆可發現台商對大陸仍存有安全性的疑慮，因此，目前財務調度大都透過OBU運作，推論OBU將成為台商資金調度樞紐。
並列摘要
Funds are as the blood of business; without sufficient funds, business is hard to sustain. And medium small enterprises suffer higher risk of outside changes than large enterprises. In the trend of globalization, the investment from international enterprises in the market in China has stimulated the rise of local private business. As a result, this trend also has increased the pressure and difficulty of Taiwan Small and Medium Enterprise operation and finance in China. Due to the special relation between the Taiwan Strait, our government is extremely cautious about the open policy between the Strait. Moreover, the slow open policy of the financial system and the inconvenience of financial methods in China have caused the problems of margin loan for Small and Medium Enterprise. In order to get financial support from banks, the issue of raising funds and getting margin loan needs detailed investigation. The review in the thesis shows that most scholars conducted surveys to study the relevant topics rather than a close case examination. In regard to this, this thesis intends to conduct designing quality on cases to discover the difficulty of Taiwanese Businessmen on raising margin loan in China through interviewing enterprises, collecting successful cases on raising margin loan from national banks, and the analyzing the phase of need and supply. Consequently, banks can focus mainly on these factors. This study aims to understand the operation model of Small and Medium Enterprise in China and their notion of financial plans to be the reference of expending finance margin business for banks. The investigation concludes several concerns for enterprises: (1) cost of margin loan, (2) customized service,(3) real estate margin. And for the suppliers or the banks, the concerns include：(1) the risk of accepting a loan,(2) income result,(3) service quality and products development. On the other, this study attempts to examine the factors of mortgage in banks to offer enterprises support in applying for loan, and to create win-win cooperation for both business and banks. Besides above concerns, the research has also concluded the following five points： (1). Banks and Taiwanese Businessmen which they run Small and Medium Enterprise administration, tend to short-term loans but neglects the concept of enterprises sustainable operation. (2). Cost Capitals are the first priority when an Enterprise makes Financing Decisions. (3). The difficulties of Taiwanese Businessmen on margin loan includes：insufficient people relationship and collateral; weak financial statement, low credit rating and unclear business operation in Mainland China, etc. (4). The key success factor of margin loan includes: business operation with sufficient experience, collateral, and strong supply chain system. (5). The review has found out that Taiwanese Businessmen still doubt the security of Mainland China, therefore; OBU is the majority factor for financing.
參考文獻
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