中文摘要 研究目的: 本研究欲藉由錐狀斷層掃描探討不同顱顏面骨性關係,與上呼吸道體積和最小橫截面積之關係。 材料與方法: 本研究共收集161位台灣人的錐狀斷層掃描影像檔,依照其骨性關係分成3組,骨性一級關係(0°≤ ANB ≤ 4°)共32人。骨性二級關係(ANB > 4°)共47人。骨性三級關係(ANB < 0°)共82人。測量的項目包含SNA(°)、SNB(°)、ANB(°)、SN-MP(°)、PP-MP(°)、U1-SN(°)、U1-NA(mm)、L1-MP(°)、L1-NB、C2C4-PP(°)、HyoidX(mm)、HyoidY(mm)、PogX(mm)和PogY(mm)及上呼吸道總體積、口咽呼吸道體積、下咽呼吸道體積及呼吸道最小橫截面積。 結果: 上呼吸道總體積與最小橫截面積在性別及不同上下顎骨骨性關係上有顯著差異(p<0.05)。其中男性呼吸道體積及最小橫截面積大於女性;而骨性二級關係之病人之上呼吸道體積及橫截面積皆小於骨性一級及三級關係。上呼吸道體積與最小橫截面積受舌骨前後位置、下顎骨前後位置和下顎骨垂直高度位置影響最大。不同骨性分類下,骨性三級關係之舌骨位置比骨性一級來得前面,而骨性一級關係之舌骨水平位置又比骨性二級來得前面。不同骨性分類下,骨性三級關係之下顎骨水平位置比骨性一級來得前面,而骨性一級關係之舌骨位置又比骨性二級來得前面。不同骨性分類下,骨性三級關係之下顎骨垂直位置比骨性二級來得高。 結論: 本篇研究結果顯示男性上呼吸道總體積、口咽呼吸道體積、下咽呼吸道體積及呼吸道最小橫截面積皆比女性大。骨性二級關係之病人的上呼吸道總體積、口咽呼吸道體積、下咽呼吸道體積及呼吸道最小橫截面積與骨性一級及三級關係者相較,皆較小並達顯著差異,骨性一級、三級呼吸道體積大約為骨性二級的1.5倍。而下顎骨水平與垂直位置及舌骨前後位置會影響上呼吸道總體積、口咽呼吸道體積、下咽呼吸道體積及呼吸道最小橫截面積。
Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the upper airway volumes of different dentofacial skeletal patterns by using cone-beam computed tomography. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 161 Taiwanese. They were divided into 3 skeletal groups as Class I (0°≤ ANB ≤ 4°, 9 male, 23 female), Class II (ANB > 4°, 11 male, 36 female), and Class III (ANB < 0°, 34 male, 48 female). Those patients received cone-beam computed tomography radiation. Angular measurements including SNA(°), SNB(°), ANB(°), SN-MP(°), PP-MP(°), U1-SN(°), U1-NA(mm), L1-MP(°), L1-NB, C2C4-PP(°), HyoidX(mm), HyoidY(mm), PogX(mm), and PogY(mm)were then calculated. Volumetric size of upper airway, oropharynx and hypopharynx and minimum cross-sectional area were also measured. Results: The airway volume of the Class II subjects was significantly lower when compared with that of the Class I and Class III subjects. (P < 0.05). A significant correlation between the skeletal facial pattern and upper airway dimensions was found. Conclusion: In this study, The airway volumes of Class II patients were smaller when compared with Class I and Class III patients. It was observed that mandibular position and the position of hyoid bone with respect to cranial base had an effect on the upper airway volume.