大學護理學生之護理能力、工作價值觀與未來護理工作意願的探討

The Nursing Competencies, Work Values and Willingness to Nursing Work among Baccalaureate Nursing Students

曾惠珍(Hui-Chen Tseng)

指導教授 ： 王秀紅

高雄醫學大學/護理學院/護理學系研究所/博士(2012年)

https://doi.org/10.6832/KMU.2012.00010

摘要

護理人力的短缺是全球性的議題，新進護理人員的留任是關注的重點，目前32％的新進護理人員在最初三個月想要離開護理工作。而國內少數研究探討護生未來護理工作的意願，本研究以Eccles等的成就之期望 - 價值模式為護理架構，主要研究目的在於探討大學護理學生之個人因素、護理能力、工作價值觀與未來護理工作意願之關係。本研究採用橫斷式量性調查法，便利取樣，選取大學護理學系三、四年級的護生446位為研究對象。研究工具採用自擬之個人資料問卷與未來護理工作意願量表，及修訂的護理能力量表與工作價值觀量表，來測量大學護理學生之護理能力、工作價值觀與未來護理工作意願，並瞭解個人資料變項對護生護理能力、工作價值觀與未來護理工作意願的影響。本研究之統計方法採用描述性與變異性分析，資料處理使用SPSS 14.0統計軟體進行統計分析，並以JMP 9.0版統計軟體進行迴歸分析與階層迴歸分析。
研究結果顯示大學護生自評在護理能力的表現平均得分為3.99 ± 0.58，呈現約80%執行能力。整體護理能力包含專業技能能力，其平均得分為4.25 ± 0.67，其次是專業人文能力為4.22 ±0 .59與自我成長能力為3.90 ± 0.69。護生認為整體工作價值觀之重要程度平均得分為4.44 ± 0.46，包含人際互動價值觀面向，其平均得分為4.68 ±0 .54、實用價值觀面向為4.52 ± .57、內在價值觀面向為4.51 ± .56和成就價值觀面向為4.26 ± .55。護生畢業後即會從事臨床護理工作之意願程度平均得分為4.12 ± 1.19，未來至少留在護理工作三個月為4.23 ± 1.14，未來留在護理工作一年為4.09 ± 1.22，未來打算長期留在護理職場工作為3.28 ± 1.44。就讀護理學系的興趣程度與家庭支持度（r = 0.27）、護理專業能力（r = 0.31）、工作價值觀（r = 0.32）和未來護理工作意願（r = 0.54）之間均有正相關；就讀護理學系之家庭支持度與工作價值觀（r = 0.14）和未來護理工作意願（r = 0.22）之間亦有正相關。影響護生護理能力之因素為就讀護理學系之興趣程度、年級、有無申辦就學貸款與實習平均成績等因素；影響工作價值觀之因素為就讀護理學系之興趣程度、入學方式與有無申辦就學貸款等因素。透過階層迴歸分析，影響護生未來護理工作意願之因素為性別、年齡、就讀護理學系興趣程度、實習平均成績、護理能力與工作價值觀等因素，模式可解釋37%的變異量。
本研究結果可提供大學護生之護理能力、工作價值觀與未來護理工作意願等相關資料，作為教育者在護生就業輔導之參考；對於管理者，則提供網路世代護生的護理能力和工作價值觀資料，作為新進人員課程規劃之參考。

關鍵字

護生 ； 期望 - 價值觀模式 ； 護理能力 ； 工作價值觀 ； 工作意願

並列摘要

The shortage of manpower to nurses is a global issue; retaining newly graduated nursing staff members in health care systems is a concerning issue. About 32% of newly graduated nurses wish to leave the nursing work in the first three months. Few studies have explored the willingness to work for nursing students. We adapted Eccles’ expectation - value model to explore the relationships of the demographic data, the nursing competencies, work values and willingness to nursing work among a sample of baccalaureate nursing students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by using structured questionnaires and a convenience sampling method. A total of 446 baccalaureate nursing students comprised our study. The structured questionnaires including the demographic data, the nursing core competencies scale, the work values inventory and the willingness to nursing work scale were examined to understand the information of baccalaureate nursing students from nursing competencies, work values and the degrees of willingness to nursing work in this population, as well as the factors which influence the willingness to nursing work. Data were analyzed with description, inference statistics, and hierarchical multiple regression by SPSS for Windows Release 14.0 and JMP 9.0.
The results of this study showed that the average score of nursing competencies among baccalaureate nursing students was 3.99 ± 0.58, indicating 80 percent of nursing performances. There were three factors of the nursing competencies scale, including professional practice skills (average score 4.25 ± 0.67), professional humanity skills (average score 4.22 ± 0.59), and self - development skills (average score 3.90 ± 0.69). The average score of work values among baccalaureate nursing students was 4.44 ± 0.46. There were four factors of the work values inventory, including the values of interpersonal interaction (average score 4.68 ± .54), utility value (average score 4.52 ± .27), intrinsic value (average score 4.52 ± .27) and attainment value (average score 4.26 ± .69); indicating 80 - 100 percent of attention degrees on nursing work values. The average degree of willingness to work among nursing students who were to be engaged in clinical work after graduation was 4.12 ± 1.19; to stay in nursing work at least three months in the future (average score 4.23 ± 1.14); to stay in nursing work for one year in the future (average score 4.09 ± 1.22); to plan to be staying and attending to the job and working for a long time in the future (average score 3.28 ± 1.44). These variables of the degrees of interests to nursing, grades, applying for student loans, and the score of practicum achievement were influencing factors of the students’ nursing competencies. These variables of the degrees of interests to nursing, exams or applying to study in nursing, and applying for the student’s loans were influencing factors of the students’ work values. The variables of gender, age, the degrees of interests to nursing, the score of practicum achievement, the nursing competencies, and work values were influencing factors of overall degrees of willingness to nursing work. The results showed that hierarchical regression models explained 37.0% of the total variances.
The results of this study will provide information for the nursing core competencies, work values, and the willingness to work of nursing students. Not only did the references offer nurse educators information for providing employment consulting to nursing students, but enable nurse managers to design orientation programs for newly graduated nurses of the network generations as well.

並列關鍵字

nursing students ； Eccles’ expectation – value model ； nursing competencies ； work value ； willingness to work

參考文獻

廖美南、胡瑞桃、葉美玉、陳素微（2005）•某教學醫院護理人員之臨床護理能力及其相關因素之探討•長庚護理，16（4），369-381。

蔡淑鳳、王秀紅（2007）•台灣護理教育之自省與前瞻—護理人力政策面•護理雜誌，54（1），5-10。

中文部分

于漱、馬鳳歧（1992）•不同學制應屆畢業護生對護理形象看法之比

較與相關因素之研究•護理雜誌，39(2)，33-44。