高雄市2002年登革熱流行前相關因子之監測

為了有效控制登革熱疫情，本研究採取主動監測的方式於2001年隨機選取高雄市三民區、小港區、前金區共1318名居民檢測登革熱特異性之IgG、IgM抗體及問卷訪視，以便瞭解2001年高雄市登革熱盛行率、發生率並與登革熱流行相關因子作探討，以期能有進一步的發現，可以即早發現登革熱流行的徵兆。結果2001年高雄市三民區的盛行率為41.4%、小港區的盛行率為26.0%、前金區盛行率為22.2%、高雄市的登革熱盛行率以此推估為29.3%。2001年高雄市三民區的發生率為0.25%-1.52%之間、小港區的發生率為1.38%、前金區發生率為0.40%-0.52%之間、推估高雄市登革熱發生率為0.40%-1.52%之間。2001登革熱盛行率與相關因子的探討中發現，65歲以上高年齡層盛行率明顯高於其他年齡(p<0.05)；登革熱盛行率與其他健康上的狀況方面，並沒有得到統計上的顯著意義(p>0.05)，可見有無其他健康上的狀況其感染登革熱的機率是一致的；在居住環境方面，住宅型態為大廈者周圍空地高於其他建築型態，應特別注意周圍空地的環境問題；個人使用塗抹防蚊液(膏)、捕蚊拍或捕蚊燈、穿著長袖衣物者登革熱盛行率明顯小於沒有使用者。個人認知方面，知道登革熱者的登革熱盛行率明顯小於不知道登革熱者；可見登革熱的流行與環境的因素、個人防護行為及認知息息相關。

關鍵字

登革熱；流行病學；相關因子

並列摘要

In order to control Dengue Fever, this research randomly collected blood samples from 1318 residents in Sanmin District, Siaogang District, Chianjin District in Kaohsiung City in 2001 to investigate Serum IgG、IgM titer of Dengue with ELISA. Questionnaires were used to assist further understanding of the prevalence of Dengue Fever and analysis of relative risk factors in order to find out the signs of its prevalence. The result showed that the prevalence rate of Dengue Fever in Sanmin District was 41.4%, Siaogang District 26.0%, and Chianjin District 22.2%. Therefore, the prevalence rate in Kaohsiung City was estimated about 29.3% in 2001. The incidence of Dengue Fever in Sanmin District was 0.25% - 1.52%, Siaogang District 1.38%, and Chianjin District 0.40% - 0.52% ; therefore, Kaohsiung City was 0.40% - 1.52%. Among the related factors of the prevalence of Dengue Fever, it was found that the prevalence rate in the age group over 65 years old was higher than the other age groups(p<0.05). Moreover, statistically, there was no significant relationship between the prevalence of Dengue Fever and other health problems (p>0.05). Those who with or without other health problems got the same chance to get the fever. With regard to living environment, those who lived in the tall apartment buildings with open surrounding or adjacent to lower buildings had to pay attention to the hygiene of their surrounding. Those who used mosquito repellents, knockdown sprays or light traps, and wore long sleeve clothes had significantly less chance to get the fever than those who did not (p<0.05). The prevalence rate (p<0.05) among people with knowledge about Dengue Fever was also lower than that among those who had no idea about it. In conclusion, the epidemic of Dengue Fever was relative to environmental factors, personal prevention, and knowledge of the disease and health.