學齡前自閉症類群疾患兒童母親親職壓力、因應策略與心理健康的關係

研究目的：過去許多研究探究自閉症類群疾患（autism spectrum disorders, ASDs）兒童母親的親職壓力及心理健康問題的關係。隨著正向心理學的發展，生活品質與心理健康相關因素逐漸受到重視。本研究以生活品質與幸福感作為心理健康的指標，探討ASDs兒童母親親職壓力、因應策略，及心理健康的關係。研究方法：受試者為63名ASDs兒童及其母親，兒童平均生理年齡約35個月。以親職壓力量表（Parenting Stress Index, PSI）和簡明因應量表（Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Scale, B-COPE）分別測量母親親職壓力與因應策略；以台灣簡明版生活品質量表（World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, WHOQOL-BREF）及心理健康連續量表－短版（Mental Health Continuum Short Form, MHC-SF）測量母親幸福感。研究結果：（1）親職壓力與生活品質各領域及幸福感呈現顯著負相關。（2）社會支持因應與生活品質的生理領域顯著正相關；問題焦點因應與生活品質的心理、社會、環境及幸福感顯著正相關；正向/宗教因應與幸福感顯著正相關。（3）控制因應策略後，親職壓力仍與生活品質各領域及幸福感呈現顯著負相關。研究結論：本研究發現ASDs兒童母親採取問題焦點因應對於生活品質各領域及幸福感的效果最為明顯；但是控制因應策略後，親職壓力和生活品質與幸福感還是顯著相關，顯示因應策略外，親職壓力還是對生活品質與幸福感有直接的影響。

關鍵字

自閉症類群疾患；因應策略；生活品質；心理健康

並列摘要

Background and objectives：Previous researches examined the relationships between parenting stress and problems of mental health in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). With the development of positive psychology, it’s gradually putting attention on correlates of quality of life and psychological health. Hence, the purposes of this study explore the relationships among parenting stress, coping strategies, and mental health (quality of life and psychological health) in mothers of children with ASDs. Method：The participants are 63 children with ASDs and their mothers. The average age of children with ASDs is about 35 months. We use Parenting Stress Index (PSI) for measuring parenting stress and Brief Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced Scale, (B-COPE) for coping strategies. In addition, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF), and Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) are measure the well-being. Result：(1) Parenting stress is negatively related to all domains in quality of life and well-being. (2) The coping strategy of social support is positively related to physiological domain in quality of life. In addition, the coping strategy of Problem-focused is obviously positively related to psychological, social and environmental domains in quality of life and well-being. Finally, the coping strategy of Positive/Religious is positively related to well-being. (3) Controlling for coping strategies, the parental stress is still significantly negatively related to all domains in quality of life and well-being. Conclusion：The results of this study showed that the effect of problem-focused coping strategy on all areas in quality of life and well-being. After controlling the coping strategies, the relationships between parenting stress, and quality of life and well-being is still significantly. It shows that the parenting stress still have impacts on quality of life and well-being in mothers of children ASDs except for the coping strategies.